
Class _Ji.24l- 



SMITHSONI AH. .DEPOSIT 



: -t-< -r-t^ <^«. 



r- 



GUIDE 



m 



I 



«IA AND MIDA 



^-^c; 



CONTAINING A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF 



POINTS OF INTEEE8T 



TOURIST, INVALID, OR IMMIGRANT, 

AND HOW TO REACH THEM. 



PFBLISHED BY 



/ GENERAL PASSENGER DEPARTMENT 
/ 

ATLANTIC AND GULF RAILROAD. 

ISSUED GRATUITOUSLY. 



FIFTH EDITION. 



•«? 



S 



SAVANNAH, GA.: 

MORNING NEWS STEAM PRINTING HOUSE. 
1879. 



INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 



PAGE. 

Florida Curiosities — A. L. Desbouillons 6 

Boston and Savannah Steamship Line 6 

Coast Line Railroad 8 

Merchants and Miners Transportation Co 10 

Planters Hotel— John Bresnan, Manager 12 

Barnes' Albany House. 12 

Eufaula Line to Florida 12 

Philadeli)hia and Southern Mail Steamship Co 14 

For Florida — William L. James, General Agent l-l 

Through Boat for Enterprise and Upper St. Johns River 16 

Gull' House, Thomasville, Ga 18 

Davies & Pyles, Druggists, Thomasville, Ga 18 

Bogeu House, Albany, Ga 18 

U. S. Mail Line '^0 

Island House, Cedar Key, Florida 23 

C. C. Collins, Real Estate 20 

Mitchell House, Thomasville, Ga '22 

Savannah and Charleston and Northeastern Railroads 24 

Atlantic Coast Line 26 

Piedmont Air-Line 28 

Florida Central Railroad 30 

Togni's Billiard Saloon 32 

Hopkins' City Transfer and Express 32 

Elmwood House, Jacksonville, Fla 34 

Billiard Saloon, T. Sherlock & Co 34 

Orange Wine- B. Genovar 36 

Poyntz House — George E. Sawyer 36 

Florida Dispatch Line 36 

Millinery— O. L. Keene 38 

Booksellers, Stationers, etc.— Ashmead Bros 38 

Watchmaker, .Jeweler, Florida Curiosities, etc 40 

Carleton House— Stimpson, Devnell & Davis 42 

Livery Stables— S. G. Avery 12 

John Clark, Commission Merchant 42 

Daily Line Steamers for Oclawaha River 44 

Havana Cigars — Huau & Co H 

For St. Augustine— St. Johns Railway 46 

Larkin House, Palatka, Fla 18 

Putnam House, Palatka, Fla 50 

Equinox House, Manchester, Vt ^O 

Jacksonville Livery and Sale Stable 50 

Ornamental Grass Bouquets 50 

St. Augustine Hotel 52 

Private Boarding— Mrs. J. V. Hernandez 54 

Ballard's Curiosity Store 54 

Magnolia Hotel, St. Augustine, Fla 56 

Washington City, Virginia Midland and Great Southern Railroad 58 

The Central Short Line '50 

Ambler's Bank Back of Map, Last Page 



> 



auiDE 

TO _ « 

SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

1878-70. 



This publication is now in its fifth year, and is placed in the 
hands of strangers as a reliable guide to points of interest in 
Southern Georgia and Florida. 

The attention of the tourist or immigrant is invited to the great 
advantages offered by the Atlantic and Gulf RailToad, the only 
all-rail line to Florida, and the shortest and most direct route to 
Southern and Southwestern Georgia. Its 

MAIN LINE 
extends from Savannah, Ga., to Bainbridge, Ga., on the Flint-, 
river, two hundred and thirty-seven miles. 

ALBANY DIVISION. 

Thomasville, Ga., to Albany, Ga., fifty- eight miles. 

FLORIDA DIVISION. 
DuPoNT, Ga., to Live Oak, Fla., fortj'-eight miles. 
Making a total of three hundred and forty-three miles under its 
management. 

CONNECTIONS. 

Through cars from Savannah to Bainbridge, connecting with 
steamers for all points on the Flint, Chattahoochee, and Apalachi- 
cola rivers. 

Through cars from Savannah to Albany, connecting with 
through trains on Southwestern Division Central Railroad of Geor- 
gia to Macon, Atlanta, Eufaula, and via Montgomery and Eufaula 
Kailroad to Montgomery, Ala., New Orleans, and Louisville. 

Through trains via Main Line and Florida Division via Live Oak, 
connecting with trains on Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Rail- 



4 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

road for Tallahassee, Quiacy, Wakulla Springs, and points in West 
Florida, in connection with Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile 
and Florida Central Railroads to Jacksonville, Fla., without 
change; connecting at Baldwin, Fla., with trains on Atlantic, Gulf 
and West India Transit Company's Eailway, making the most ex- 
peditious route to Fernandina, Gainesville, Cedar Key, and points 
on the Gulf coast, and at Jacksonville with'steamers for all points 
on St. Johns and Ocklawaha rivers. 

Pullman Sleeping Cars from Savannah to Jacksonville. 

Through Sleeping Cars between Jacksonville, Montgomery, Ala., 
and Atlanta, Ga., via Live Oak, Fla., Thomasville and Albany, Ga. 

THE EQUIPMENT 

of the line is first-class in every particular. Spacious and sump- 
tuous day coaches and palace sleeping cars, all equipped with the 
Westinghouse automatic air brake and Miller platforms, offer all 
the modern appliances for comfort and convenience to the travel- 
ing public. 

THE TRACK 
has been renewed with heavy steel rails, with fish-bar joints, 
enabling the line to make its fast mail schedules with certainty, 
safety, and comfort. 



STATIONS AND POINTS OF INTEREST 

ON THE 

ATLANTIC & GULF RAILROAD. 



SaTannali, Chatham county, Georgia, the eastern terminus of 
the road, is the principal city of the State, situated on river of 
same name, eighteen miles from the sea, with a capacious and well- 
protected harbor, witli from seventeen to twenty-one feet of water 
at high and low tide. Improvements are now being made in the 
river with a view to obtaining depth sufficient for any vessel. 

Savannah has a population of from 80,000 to 32,000 inhabitants. 
It is the second largest cotton port in the United States, while its 
shipments of lumber and naval stores are immense. It is unques- 
tionably the handsomest city in the South. Laid out with broad 
streets, closel}'' shaded by beautiful trees that are green the year 
round, it has justly obtained the soubriquet of the "Forest City." 

The city has ample transportation facilities'; the Savannah and 
Charleston Railroad connecting Charleston and the North, the 
Central (Georgia) to Augusta, Atlanta, and the Northwest, while 
the Atlantic and Gulf Kailroad 0))eus up the rich and growing 
sections of South Georgia and the whole State of Florida. There 
are three lines of first-class steamers making tri-weekly trips to 
New York, with weekly lines to Baltimore, Philadelphia, and 
Boston. 

It has some manufacturing interests, viz: a cotton factory, 
cotton batting mill, paper mills, rice mills, foundries and machine 
shops. 

The free school svstem is admirably arranged. Especial atten- 
tion has been given to its sanitary condition. Comparative state- 
ments show it to be one of the healthiest cities in the South. The 
climate is better suited to some invalids than points further South. 
With its excellent hotel accommodaiions, travelers will alwayg 
find a sojourn here pleasant. 

Forsyth Park, twenty acres in area, is an attractive resort ; the 
shade trees in it, composed mostly of pines, are of the natural 



6 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEOKGIA. AND FLOHIDA. 

FLORIDA CUmOSITIES 

ORANGE CANES, SEA BEANS. 



Alligators' Teeth Mounted in Sleeve Buttons, Ear Rings, 
Sets, Etc. 



Shell cLixcl Fislt Scale. J'ej^eb^y 

RISADY MADE AND TO ORDER, AT THE 

JE IVELRY BSTA B L TSHMENT 

21 Bwll Street, opposite Screveiv House, 
SAVANNAH, - - - - GEORGIA. 

BOSTON & SAVANMH 

— 8TEAM8HIF LIWE. 



-FIRST-CLASS STEAMSHIPS- 



"United States/' "Seminole," 



Capt. S. H. Matthews. 



Capt. H. K. Hallett. 



Sailing from Each Port Alternately Every Wednesday. 



Through Bills of Lading given to and from points on the Atlantic and 
Gnlf llailroad and its oonnactions. 

No transhipment or extra hanlling between Boston and Savannah. 

mCHARLSON & BARNAED, 

SAVANNAH. 

F. NICKERSON & CO., 

BOSTON. 



GTTIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGI V A^V) FLORIDA, 7 

growth of the forest. In the centre is a beautiful fountain, after 
the style of those in the Place tie la Concorde, in Paris. The walks 
are prettily arranged and covered with shel). 

In the rear of the Park is a large enclosure, known as the Parade 
Ground or Park Extension, which has been somewhit improved . 
by planting shade trees, laying out walks, etc. The Confederate 
Monument, recently erectel here by the Ladies' Memorial Associa- 
tion, in point of beauty of design and finish, compares favorably 
with any in the South. The corner stone was laid on June IGth, 
1874, with Masonic ceremonies, Grand Master Irwin officiating, all 
the military force of the city being present. The monument was 
built after a design furnished by Mr. R. Reid, of Montreal, Canada. 
It stands about fifty feet in height, from base to crown of marble 
figure on top. On the base of the pilaslers are appropriate mot- 
toes ; on the front panel is a figure representing the b'outh mourn- 
ing; the rear panel shows another figure of military character; 
the side panels bear inscriptions : on ore is " To the Confederate 
Dead;" on the other, "Come from the four winds, O Breath, and 
breathe upon these slain, that they may live." — Ezek. xxxii, 9. 
Above these panels, a cornice supports figures representing "Peace 
and Hope;" above this is a statue representing "Silence." On 
the topmost panel rests the crowning figure of "Resurrection." 
The whole beautifully carved, and cost when completed $2,"),00i). 

Bonaventure Cemetery, three miles from the city, only fifteen 
minutes ride by the Coast Line Railroad, is on3 of the loveliest 
spots in the country; long avenues, arched by the branches of 
great live oak trees, from which an immense quantity of gray 
moss sweeps, adding much to the solemnity of the place. Bona- 
venture derives its name from the original tract of which it formed 
apart, and which was settled abr^ut 1070 by Colonel John Mulryne. 
By the marriage of his daughter in 170 L to Josiah Tatuall, of 
Charleston, it came in possession of the latter family. This mar- 
riage is said to have been the occasion of the planting of the trees 
which adorn the placa. It is said that they were planted in the 
forms of the letters M and T, the initials of th3 bride's and groom's 
respective family names. 

Thunderbolt, the terminus of the Co ist Line Railroad, four 
miles from the city. 

Isle of Hope and Montgomery, on the S., S. & S. R. R., distant 
seven and ten miles respectively, are pleasant places of resort, much, 
frequented by the citizens of Savannah. 



8 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA. AND FLORIDA. 

Coast Line Railroad. 



Four Trips Daily, Except Sunday, WJien 

Cars ivill Hiin JLvery Half Hour to these 

the most ]:*02>ular and Attractive of 

wiii's SHii wm 



To the quiet aud pretty 



(2 miles.) 



To the picturesque and renowned- 



^©aa'W'^a'fem^^-© Q^imM'k^'^y 



(3 miles.) 



-To the handsome and commodious- 



('iJi miles.) 



— And to the popular seaboard resort- 



^"H'^^liTD^MBOEi'S'l 



(1 miles.) 



Take Red Cars on Broughton Street, when Conductors will give all neceesarf 
information. Schedule always advertised in morning paper. 



ALFEED HAYWOOD, 

President. 



EDW. J. THOMAS, 

Gen, Asrent and Treasurer* 



GUIDE TO SOUTHEKN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 9 

Tybee Island, al the mouth of the Savannah river, and Eeach 
Hammock, several miles south, are becoming very prominent as 
seaside resorts. 

Fort Pulaski, on Cockspnr Island, near the mouth of Savannah 
river, was the scene of a weary siege daring the late war. The 
fort was badly battered up by the Federal gnus from Tybee Island. 
Since the war it has been thoroughly repaiied. 

Millor'.s, No. l, Chatham county, Ga.; 10 miles from Savan- 
nah, 2 miles west of the Little Ogeechee river ; post office. 

Way's Station, No. li, Bryan county, Ga. ; IG miles from Sa- 
vannah ; post office. Just east of this station the road crosses the 
Great Ogeechee river, on which are situated many of the largest 
rice fields in the State. At Genesis Point, below the railroad 
bridge. Fort McAllister is situated, which the Federal fleet made 
several unsuccessful attempts to pass, to capture the blockade 
runner "Pattlesnake," formerly the steamship Nashville, which 
was lying above. They finally succeeded in sinking it with guns. 
JFort McAllister was stormed from the rear, and captured by a 
portion of Sherman's army, December 20, l,S(;4. 

Fleming', No. 2, Liberty county, Ga.; 24 miles from Savannah; 
post and telegraph offices. Sunbury, 1") miles from here, on the 
coast, is one of the oldest settlements in the State. 

Mcintosh, No. 3, Liberty county, Ga.; 31 miles from Savannah ; 
post office. This is the nearest station to Flemington, distant 2^ 
miles, Hinesville, the county seat, 5 miles, and Kiceboro, 10 miles. 

Walthourville, No. 4, Liberty county, Ga.; 38 miles from Sa- 
vannah ; post office. The village of same name, 1 A miles from the 
station, is pleasantly located, and was formerly the home of many 
of the wealthy planters from the coast, and was noted for the in- 
telligence and refinement of its society ; there are a few of the old 
families still residing there. 

Johnston, No. 4i, Liberty count}', Ga ; 40 miles from Savannah ; 
post office. Six and a half miles west of this station the road 
crosses the Altamaha river on a lattice bridge with four spans. 
This river is one of the largest in the Slate. It is formed by the 
junction of the Oconee and Ocmulgee rivers; the former is navi- 
gable for steamers to Dublin, and the latter to Macon. Large 
quantities of lumber, etc., are shipped by this river to Darien, Ga , 
at its mouth, on the coast. 

Doctortown, No. 5, Wayne county, Ga.; .53 miles from Savan- 
uah ; post office. This station is the site of an old Indian town, 



10 GUIDE TO SOUTHEKN GEORGIA AND FLOKIDA. 

Merchants and Miners 

-^TRANSPORTATION CO.-*— 




The Steamships of this Company ply regularly between ; 

ZKUmin and BALTIMORE, 
BALTIMORE and BOSTOH, and 
BALTIMORE and PROVIBEHCE. 



Xeaving Savannah for Baltimore twice a week during the Fall and Winter 
months, and once a week during the Spring and Summer. . j 



Tlie Baltimore Route is the Most Direct between the South 
and West, it is also the Most Economical and Qnickest. 



The Steamers are first-class in every respect with excellent ac- 
commodatious for Passengers. Reduced rates of Pa'^sage 
'', to Emigrants from Baltimore and all Points 
West and Southwest. 



This Company's Steamers are specially arranged for the transportation of 
Fruit and Vegetables, and Ihrough Bills of Lading, at low rates, will be 
issued. 

A. L. HUGOINS. A^ent, JAS. B. WEST & CO., Agents, 

Baltimore, Md. llJf Bay St., Savannah. 



GFIDE TO SOUTHERN GEOKGIA AND FLOIilDA. 11 

and the former abode of a celebrated " medicine man ;" lience the 
name of the place. 

Jesup, No. 6, Wayne county, Ga.; i>7 miles from Favaunah ; 
county seat; telegraph office and junction of the Macon and 
Brunswick Railroad ; 40 miles from Brunswick and 146 from Ma- 
con. The new and commodious "Altamaha Hotel" here will 
"accommodate 100 guests. This hotel is also the eating house for 
passengers via the Macon and Brunswick Railroad ; trains stop 20 
minutes for meals. A weekly paper, the Jesup Sentinel, is pub- 
lished here. This place is growing rapidly; population 750. 

Screven, No. 7, Wayne county, Ga.; G8 miles from Savannah ; 
post and express offices. 

Patterson, No. 7^, Pierce county, Ga. ; 78 miles from Savannah ; 
post office. On the line of the road in vicinity of this place are 
located a number of steam saw mills for cutting yellow pine lumber. 

Blackshear, No. 8, Pierce county, Ga.; 8(5 miles from Savan- 
nah ; population about 1,000. This point offers many inducementa 
to those seeking health and winter homes in the South. The 
society is good, and many evidences are presented of steady, per- 
manent growth. It is situated iu the great pine belt of Georgia f 
land in this section is slightly rolling, hence is well drained ; 
climate is delightful and healthy the year round ; land is cheap- 
and the inhabitants kindly disposed to settlers. Brown's Hotel, 
recently built, will accommodate 70 to 100. Knowles' House will 
accommodate about 30. Board per day, $2.00; per week, $6.00 ; 
per month, $20.00. 

Waycross, Ware county, Ga.; 96 miles from Savannah ; county- 
seat; post office; population 600; junction of Brunswick and 
Albany Railroad, 60 miles from Brunswick and HI miles from 
Albany. This town was laid out in 1872 ; it stands on a sandy 
ridge with a clay subsoil, and a clear bold stream of running 
water on the south. From its advantageous position this bids fair 
to become a place of some note. 

Tebeanville, No. 9, Ware county, Ga.; 97 miles from Savannah ; 
post and telegraph offices. This is a place near the northern por- 
tion of the celebrated Okefenokee Swamp, which abounds with 
game of all descriptions. 

(xlenmore, No. 10, Ware county. Ga.; 108 miles from Savannah ^ 
post office. 

Argyle, No. 10^, Clinch county, Ga.; 116 miles from Savannah. 

Hoinerville, No. ll, Clinch county, Ga.; 122 miles from Sa- 



12 GT'IDE TO SraiTllEKN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

SAVA.WMAH, ----- GEORGIA. 



COMFORTABLE ROOMS AND FIRST-CLASS TABLE. 
RATES, $200 PER DAY. 



Special acc-ommotlations for Families aud Commex'cial Travelers. A trial 
solicited. 

Tliis Hotel has recently undergone thorough repair, and been Newly 
Furnished and made complete in all its appointments. 

JOHN BRESNAN, Manager. 



ALBANY HOUSE, 

Comer PUie and Jachson Streets, 
ALBANY, - - - - G BORGIA, 



*:^*In connection with the Hotel, a neat cottage, eight rooms, for special 
comfort of Florida Tourists. 



mm \m i mm m 

FROM 

Alhany^ €r€L to Jaetsomwille^ Fla, 

IN CONNECTION WITH 



Holders of Unlimited Through Tickets have privilege of stop-over at 
Thomasville, Ga. 

Famous Mitchell House, and Parnell's Gulf House, and the prettiest 
scenery in Southwest Georgia. 



GTTIDE TO SOUTHERN GEOKGIA. AND FLORIDA. IS 

vannah ; post office; county scat; population 350; Academy, 
Methodist and Baptist churches. 

DiiPont, No. 12, t linch county, Ga.; 131 miles from Pavannah ; 
telegraph and post offices; junction with the Florida Division of 
the Atlantic and Gulf Ruilroad. Located on heavy timbered pine 
lands. The health of DuPont and surrounding country is unpar- 
alleled ; no typlioid or other miasmatic sickness. As a farming 
country it is pronounced by experienced planters to be superior to 
Virginia or Carolina ; the range is good for cattle and hogs. Cheap 
lands in abundance for emigrants, much of it from fifty cents to 
one dollar per acre. 

Stoi'kton, No. 13, Clinch county, Ga.; 138 miles from Savannah ; 
post office ; population 150. The village is pleasantly located in 
an elevated pine region. 

Nay lor, No. 14, Lov^-ndes county, Ga.; 141- miles from Pavannah ; 
population 100 ; post office, one church, one hotel, one academy, 
cue saw mill, and three stores ; healthy locality. Lands sell from 
$1.00 to $5.00 per acre, The productions of surrounding country 
are long and short cotton, corn, rice, oats, sweet potatoes, sugar 
cane, and all kinds of vegetables. The Alapaha river, two miles 
distant, abounds in fish. JMilltown, a village ten miles distant and 
near the famous Banks Mill Pond ; area of pond ten square miles; 
water sufficient to drive a large amount of machinery. Nashville, 
county seat of Berrien county, 27 miles distant; excellent section 
for fanning, hog, sheep, and cattle raising. 

Valdosta, No. 15, Lowndes county, Ga.; 157 miles from Savan- 
nah ; post and telegraph offices ; county seat; population about 
2,000. This is a place of considerable importance in this section. 
Surrounded by a very fertile country, entirely free from malaria, 
it offers many inducements to settlers. Cotton, srrain of all kinds 
(especially corn, wheat, and oats), sugar cane, potatoes, and the 
products of this section are abundantly produced. The winters 
are mild and pleasant, and the invalid may here find a cheap and 
comfortable home. The town is finely situated and neatly laid off", 
containing many brick store houses and a new brick court house. 
There are four churches— Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, and 
Christian— several schools, a well-kept hotel, and a bank. The 
Valdosta Times a weekly newspaper, is published here. The 
trade of the place supports some twenty stores. Good farming 
lands in the vicinity can be bought at from $1.00 to $5.00 per 
acre, depending upon improvements. At this point the "cotton 



14 GUrDE TO SOUTHERN GEOKOIA. AND FLOBIDA. 







^STEAMSHIP COMPANY.^ 



mjkWJkmm\^mL x^iiar; 



StecunslxLp jrixntcLtcL ! 

Captain J. W. Catharine. 

StecLiTLslxtp yVyomiTig ! 

Captain Jacob Teal. 

These first-class and finely aijpointed Steamers ply regularly between 
Philadelphia and Savannah, leaving each port on Saturday, connecting at 
Savannah with the 

Central Railroad of Georgia, 

Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, and 

Florida Steamers. 

Through Passage Tickets and Bills of Lading issued to all principal points 
South and Southwest, at rates as low as the published rates of competing 
lines. 

Through Tickets from Savannah to New York, including transfer of pas- 
flengers and baggage from Steamer's wharf to railroad depot at Philadelphi* 
«an be obtain-id of the Agents of the Line at Savannah. 

Superior Cabin and Steerage accommodations. 

Apply to or address 

WM. L. JAMES, General Agent, 

Tier 22 South Delaware Ave., Philadelphia. 
Wlf. HUNTER & SON, 

100 Bay St., Savannah. 



PLo: 



For Through Tickets to Fernandina, Jacksonville, St. Augustine, Sanford, 
Enterpiise, and Intermediate Landings on St. John's Kiver and 
Interior Points in Florida, by steamship to 
Savaunah, and thence by rail- 
road or steamboat. 
Apply to 

Wm. L. James, General Ag'ent, 

Philadelphia and Southern Mail S. S. Co., 

Pier 22 South Delaware Are.. Philadelphia. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHEnN GEORGIA AND FI.OUIDA. IS 

• 

bolt " of Georgia begins. To parties seeking investments in lands 
or permanent homes in the South, or a place to spend a winter 
plerisantly, Valdosta jiresents many inducements. Name of hotel — 
Stuart's Railroad Mouse, C. T. Stuart, proprietor ; accommodation 
for fifty; opposite Atlantic and Gulf Railroad depot. Rates of 
board, $2.00 per day, $10.00 per week, f'-'O.OO to $30.00 per 
month. Reduced rates to families. Board can be obtained in 
private houses at from $15.00 to $25 00 per month. 

Oiisley, No. 15^, Lowndes couiity, Ga.; lOG miles from Favan- 
nah ; post office. One aud a half miles west of this station the 
road crosses the Withlacoochee river, near which is the Boston or 
Blue Springs. These spring-J have quite a reputation, and are 
mucli frequented by tlie people of the adjacent country. 

Quitman, No. 1(1, Brooks county, Ga ; 17+ miles from Pavan- 
nah ; post office, money order, and telegraph t)ffice ; county seat ; 
population about 1,80 ). This town is situated in the midst of one 
of the finest farming sections of Southwestern Georgia. The land 
is fertile, capable of producing cotton and the cereals, as well as 
'sugar cane, and can be bought at prices from $1.00 to $l'0.00 per 
acre, in quantities to suit purchasers. The climate is delightful 
aud free from malarial diseases. The inhabitants of this section 
are progressive and intelligent, and alive to the importance of im- 
migration. The town of Quitman is eligibly situated, and contains 
five churches — three white and two colored --also a flourishing 
school. The " Rouutree House,'" a three-story brick hotel, is rap- 
idly approacliing completion. It will contain thirty-two large, 
comfortable rooms, with fire-places in each, aud will afford visitors 
ample accommodations at reasonable rates There is published a 
weekly paper, the Reporter. Seven miles east from Quitman, in said 
county, is a large, bold limestone spring, about one hundred feet 
in circumfevence and fiftpen feet in its deepest part. This is quite 
a resort as a watering place, there being near -just across the 
county line, but within a few hundred yards— a fine sulphur spring 
of efficacious medicinal qualities. 

Dixie, No. 17, Brooks county, Ga.; 181 miles from Savannah; 
post and express offices. Grooverville is miles distant. 

Boston, No. IS, Thomas county, Ga.; 18S miles from Savan- 
nah ; miles from the Florida line ; 1 mile from the Aucilla 
creek ; 2 miles from the Piscola creek ; population 500 ; post 
and express offices, also Masonic lodge and Patrons of Hus- 
bandry. Five churches in this place, Baptist, Presbyterian, and 



16 orriDB TO southekn Georgia akd Florida. 

THROUGH BOAT 






-AND THE- 



1 iliL 



ST, JOHN'S PER, 



T 

... u 

Mellonville, Sanford, 

Palatka, Green Cove Springs, 

Tocoi, and Way Landings. 

THE NEW AND ELEGANT 8TEAMEB 




Q-:EoiiajE js£. Biitn, 

W. A. SHAW, MASTER, 

LEAVES JACKSOUVILLE 

Monday and Thursday, at 12 o'clock M, after arrival 
of train. 



"W. H. Lucas, Gen. Pass. Agt. Geo. R. Foster, Agw, 

Office at L'Engle & Dell's Dkug Store, 

35 WEST BAY ST., - JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 



GUIDE TO SOXTTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 17 

Mt'thodist, and colored Baptist and Methodist ; also good male and 
female schools. Boston is pleasantly situated and extremely 
healthy. Water good, in wells, and plenty of spring water in the 
incorporate limits. Boston is entirely surrounded by the best 
average farming lands in the State ; very productive of corn, peas, 
potatoes, oats, highland rice, sugar cane, and cotton, and admira- 
bly adapted to fruit, where cultivated, especially grapes, pears, 
peaches, plums, apples, and tropical fruits. The very finest wa- 
termelons abound in all parts of the country in their season. 
These lands can be bought at prices ranging from #5.00 to f 8.C0 
per acre for improved, and from !|l..50 to .f-t.oO per acre for 
grazing. 

TliomasTille, No. 19, Thomas county, Ga.; 200 miles from Sa- 
vannah; telegraph office; county seat; junction wiih Albany 
Division of Atlantic and Gulf Railroad : population 3,500. This 
city has a thriving trade, and is without exception the mo?t prom- 
ising in Southern Georgia. It is situated on one of the highest 
points between the Atlantic ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. It is 
but 60 miles to the Gulf, being in latitude 30 degrees 40 north and 
longitude 8 degrees 40 east. The refreshing breezes of the Gulf 
come wafted inland through an almost unbroken pine forest, 
bringing healing on their wings. Its situation being dry and free 
from malaria it is an excellent resort for invalids. There are many 
prett)' residences in the place, surrounded by beautiful flower gar- 
dens. The natural drainage of the town is perfect. At this place 
the South Georgia Agricultural and Mechanical Association holds 
its annual fair, in November, which is largely attended, and indi- 
cates a high degree of advancement in the agricultural arts. The 
association also has a floral exhibition in the spring. In Thomas- 
ville there are two excellent colleges in successful operation, viz : 
the Fletcher Male Institute and Young's Female College ; four 
churches, one each, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, and Episco- 
palian; one foundry ; one library association, which contains a well- 
selected library and a number of the leading daily newspapers 
throughout the United • tates ; one Young Men's Christian Associa- 
tion. Two papers are published here — both weeklies — the Thomas- 
mile Times and Southern Enterprise. The Mitchell House, a new 
and elegant modern hotel, is kept by Messrs. Sanderson, Chase & 
Co , of Boston. The building throughout is composed of the very 
best materials, fronts 190 feet on Broad street and 88 feet on Jack- 
son ; fire places in every room ; the entire building ia communi- 
3 



18 



GUIDE TO SODTHEKN GEOltGIA AND FLOUIDA. 



■duLF II©us: 



Near Passengtr Dt^pot, 



THOMASVILLE, - - - GEORGA. 

$S.PP i!cr (by. 

Th's House i^ the regular "Eating House" for all Passenger trains. The 
table shall be equal to any in the South. Give us a call, and we guarantee 
satisfaction in every i^articular. 

Polite and attentive Porters at every train. 

GEO. W. PARNELL, Prop. 

DAVIES & PYLES, 




Pure Wines and Liquors for Medicinal Purposes. 
PERFUMERY AND TOILET ARTICLES. 

Physicians' Prescriptions accurately Compounded at all hours, Day or Night. 

BROAD STREET. THOMASVILLE, GA. 




ALBANY, GEORG-IA. 

Recently overhauled, repaired, and put in thorough order for the recep- 
tion of Guests. Everything neat, comfortable, and convenient. 

TABLES SUPPLIED with the BEST the MAEKET AFEOEDS. 



No exorbitant charges. Free omnibus to and from all trains. 



GUIDS TO SOUTIIEUN GEOKGIA. AKD FLORIDA. 19 

cxtion b}' electricity, nsina; tlie Electric Annunciator: two grand 
hallways 1!)9 feet long and 10 feet wiile ; ventilation perfect, 
and lighted throughout with gas. Terras, $;'..00 per day; $13.00 
to $21.0 » per week. 

The Gulf House, G. W. Parnell, proprietor, opposite Atlanlic 
and Gult Railroad passenger depot. Rates per day, $2.00; per 
we3k, $10.00; per month, $;3r). Eeduced ra'es to families. 

A new livery, to suit the wants of the most exacting, will afPord 
invalids and others ample opportunity of enjoying the fine drives 
in the neighborhood, which are not equaled in any Southern city, 
and scarcely surpassed in the North. 

The farming lands here are among the best in the State, and the 
thrift and enterprise of the people are proverbial. Cotton is, of 
course, the principal crop, but the iutelligeuce of the farmers here 
does not per nit the sole reliance to be placed in that staple. Grain 
of all kinds— cora, wheat, oats, and rye— are largely produced, 
and fruits, especiaHy apples, pears, and grapjs, are grown to per- 
fection, and prove largely remunerative. 

The society and morals of this section are exc:,'llent, and stran- 
gers coming from wha'ever section they may are invariably treated 
with great cordiality by all classes of citizens. The lands of 
Thomas county can be bought at from $1.0 > to $10.00 per acre. 
Labor is abundant at from $'>.00 to $8 00 per month. 

Cairo, No. 20, Thomas county, Gi.; 214 miles from Savannah; 
post office. 

Whig-ham, No. 21, Decatur county, Ga.; 221 miles west of Sa- 
vannah; is very pleasantly situated on high, rolling land. The 
healthfulness is unsurpassed, being almost entirely exempt from 
the malarial diseases which infest many Southern localities. The 
water in this section is un?qualed both for abundance and quality. 
A never-failing spring, equal iu its character to the far-famed 
water of the hill country, is near the depot, discharging daily ten 
thousand g.dlous of pure cold water. The town is regularly laid 
out and incorporated, contauiing two good bimrding houses, six 
stores, two churches, a good academy, post office, and express 
office. Two miles west is a large turpentine distillrey. The land 
ardTind this place is well alapted to agricultural purposes —both 
pine and hammock— lies well, and is of full average grade of fer- 
tility. It surpasses any region around as a fruit growing section. 
Price of land ranges iu price from $1.00 to .$8. ()0 per acre, fix 
miles north is a remarkable natural curiosity, known as the "Lime 



20 



GDIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 



5^w, s« 



Fernandina to Traders Hill, 



-ON- 



VIA DUNGENESS AND ST. MARY'S. 

All Tourists should visit these noted places of interest. 

H. G-. BILLING-S, H. L. HART, 



Agent, Fernandina. 



Proprietor. 



f 



CEDAK KEY, FLORIDA. 



The proprietor of this house, encouraged by the liberal patronage of the 
past, has spared no effort to ijromote the comfort of his guests. 

The House, since last winter, has been thoroughly repaired and its interior 
arrangements so changed as to provide good jjarlors and smoking room. 

Reading Room supplied with all the principal daily ijaisers. 

TABLE STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS. 

Cedar Key, Fla., September 1. ls7s. 

R. H. IVSclLVAINE, Proprietor. 

C. C. COLLINS," 



-DEALER IN- 




59^ BAY STREET, UP STAIRS, 
JACKSOXVILLE, - FLORIDA, 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 21 

Sink," where a creek suddenl}' falls over a perpendicular precipice, 
descending into the bowels of tlie earth about loo feet It then 
disappears mysteriously underground. This channel has been ex- 
plored for a distance of 200 yards from the point of its wonderful 
disappearance. Further exploration was prevented by a large 
river. About two miles from the "Lime Sink" is another remark- 
able natural curiosity, called the "Blowing Cave." Through an 
opening in the earth nearly twelve inches in diameter a strong cur- 
rent of air is ever passing. During the morning or first half of 
the day the air escapes from the opening, but throughout the after- 
noon or latter part of the day the direction of the current is re- 
versed and is drawn into the opening by some unseen power of 
suction, said to be sufficiently strong to draw iuto the cave a hand- 
kerchief or any other light body. This village offers to the immi- 
grant, seeking a desirable location, many inducements. 

Climax, No. 22, 227 miles from S'avannah, in Decatur county, 
Ga. : po?t office. 

Bainbridg'e, No. 23, Decatur county, Ga ; the present terminus 
of the Atlantic and Gulf Kailroad ; telegraph, post, and express 
offices; county seat; population 1.800. Situated on the east bank 
of the Flint river, about fifty feet above the stream, beautifully 
shaded with oaks; average annual temperature G5; healthful, and 
climate in winter particularly favorable to the Northern invalid. 
This place does a thriving business with the various landings on 
Flint, Chattahoochee, and Apalachicola rivers. Steamboats, mak- 
ing semi-weekly trips on these rivers, bring a large amount of 
cotton to Bainbridge for shipment to Savannah. The Weekli/ 
Democrat is published here. 

Hotel, Sharon House; accommodations for 75; rates $2.00 per 
day, .f 10.00 per week, -f 30.00 per month ; reduced rates to families. 



22 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

Mitchell House, 

Thomasville, Ga. 



SAiEESOUHiSEdCOJROmOIl?. 



Situated 200 miles from SAVANNAH, on the A. & G. K. R., 400 feet above the 

level of the Sea, in the midst of a vast pine forest. Atmosi^here 

dry. Water pure and drainage perfect. 



OPEN FEOM NOVEMBER 1st TO UkY 1st. 



Board from $10 to $21 per Week. 

Per Day $2.50 to $3.00. 



C. C. SANDERSON, ) „ . , 
E. A. CHASE, \ "^''P'"'^''' 



ALBANY DIVISION 

OF THE 

Atlantic and Gur.r Railroad, 

FROM THOMASVILLE, GA., TO ALBANY. 



Tliomasville, Thomas county, Ga.; 200 miles from ISavannab, 
(See page 17.) Four miles west of this place the road crosses the 
Okloknee river. 

Oklokiiee, Thomas county, Ga.; 211 miles from Savannah : post 
and express offices. Within 2i miles is the finest water-power in 
Southwest Georgia, amply sufficient for a cotton factory. Within 
5 miles is a fine mineral spring ; it is large and perfectly transpa- 
rent, beautifully situated, and with a small outlay of capital could 
be made a popular summer resort ; it is situated opposite the 216 
mOe post and about .oOO yards from the line of road. The health 
of this place cannot be surpassed. 

Pelham, Mitchell county, Ga.; 22-t miles from Savannah. This 
section of country offers superior inducements to manufacturers 
of naval stores. Timber plentiful and convenient to line of rail- 
road. Only one man engaged in the business here. Plenty of 
room for more. Hands are easily had that understand working 
the trees, such as cutting boxes, hacking, etc. 

Camilla, Mitchell county, Ga.; 232 miles from Savannah; tele- 
graph office ; county seat. This ie a pleasant little village, well 
located in a fine cotton growing country. Population 800. 

Baconton, Mitchell county, Ga.; 242 miles from Savannah; 
post office. 

Hardaway, Dougherty county, Ga.; 250 miles from Savannah; 
post office. 

Albany, Dougherty county, Ga.; 2r>S miles from Savannah; 
terminus of the Albany Division of Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, 
and connected with Macon, Ga., by a branch railroad from Smith- 
ville to Arlington, lOG miles from Macon ; with Brunswick by the 
Brunswick and Albany Railroad. Telegraph office ; county seat. 
Population 3,;" 00. From the central location of this town it bids 
fair to become a prosperous city. Surrounded by the best cotton 
lands of the State, quite a trade is done in this staple. There are 
several foundries and mills here which do a good business. 



24 GDIDE TO SOUTHRRX GKORGIA AND FLORDIA. 




c 




^ITS 




THE SHORTEST LINE AND QUICKEST TIME 

BETWEEN 

FLORIDA AND NEW YORK. 



CARRYING- THE U. S. MAIL. 



TfiANSFERS, C0NIIECTI3NS SURE, 



These roads, as part of the Great Atlantic C}ast Line of Railways, 
offer to the traveliug public f(-)r the present season a schedule 
hitherto unsurpassed. 

im 37 HOURS mm hew m m miAH. 

First-class Sleepers and Parlor Cars whenever required. Ladies 
without escort travel in perfect comfort by taking the Through 
Line of Sleepers between Savannah and Boston 

P. L. CLEAPOR, S. C. BOYLSTOX. 

G. T. Agent N. E. K. E. Co. G. T. Agent S. & V. R. E. Co. 



FLORIDA DIVISION 

OF THE 

Atlantic and Gulf RailPxOAD, 

FROM DuPONT, GA., TO LIVE OAK, FLA. 



. DiiPout, Cliucli county, Ga.; 131 miles from Savannah. (See 
page 13.) 

Statenville, Echols county, Ga.; 150 miles from Savannah ; post 
office; county seat of the same name distant G miles Six miles 
west of this station the road crosses the boundary line between 
Georgia and Florida. 

Jasper, Hamilton county, Fla,; IG;'. miles from Savannah; 
county seat. Town fast improving ; three ginning establishments ; 
two saw mills. Passengers for the White Sulphur Springs can get 
conveyances from this point. Four post offices are supplied from 
this point, viz : Bellville, Jennings, Ancrum, and White Sulphur 
Springs. 

Marion, Jasper county, Fla ; 168 miles from Savannah. 

Suwannee, Suwannee county, Fla.; 17l' miles from Savannah, 
90 miles from Jacksonville, and 89 miles from Tallahassee, the 
capital of the Stale. One mile east from this station, on the south 
bank of the Suwannee river are situated the Lower Mineral Springs, 
which attained great popularity previous to the war as a watering 
place, being visited by a great many persons from Southwestern 
Georgia and Middle Florida. The lands on the Hamilton county 
side of the Suwannee, north of the springs, are very valuable for 
agricultural purposes ; those on the Suwannee county side are light 
pine lands, and consequently not so valuable. 

Rixford, i^uwannee county, Fla : 175 miles from Savannah, 80 
miles from Jacksonville, and 87 miles from Tallahassee. This is a 
new settlement, and the point at which the Eagle Turpentine and 
Naval Store Manufactory is located, the largest of the kind in 
Florida 

Live Oak, Suwannee county, Fla.: 17'.i miles from Savannah, 82 



26 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLOllIDA. 



fllifll 



-^ J ^^ ^-1 .^— ' ^-1 -^ J ^- 



ALL RAIL ROUT£! 




VIA RICHMOND AND WILMINGTON. 
o 

THE ATL,\1VTIC CO.VSr LINE PASSIOIVGER ROUTE again 
invites tlie patronage of Southern Travelers, Tourists, and Business Communi- 
ties, under conditions of superior oomtort and salety worthy of careful attea- 
tion and absolute verification. 



-O 



Donl)le Daily All Rail Service to all the Important Poiuts 
it reaches. 

Cliarleston, Sayaimah, Jacksonville, 
Fernandiua, Cedar Keys, Key West, 

Havana, St. Aug-nstine, Nassau, and to 
Columbia, Aiken, Augusta, 

Macon, Tliomasville, Eastman, Atlanta, Etc. 



Perfect Sleeping ami Parior Car Service on tlie Great 
SoulUern Mail liliie between Xorth antl Soutb. 

This is the only Line running Pullman Palace Sleeping 
Cars between Boston and Savannab, Ga. -vt'itbout transfer. 



-O 



An absolutely perfect health record at all the points along its line and 
■within the entire territory it penetrates. 

A perfect condition of Koadway and Equipment created by steel rail and 
ballasted track. 

Minimum grades and concert of action at junction points iirevents liability 
of misconnections and enables all delays to be overcome and oar objective 
points reached with absolute certainty. 

Persons contemplating a Southern trip can be furnished with Guide 
Books, Tickets, Time Tables, etc., by addressing 

JOSIAH H. WHITE, Soatbcrn Passenger Agent, 

General Office 229 Broadway, New York. 

A. POPE, General Passenger and Ticket Agent. 

A. SH.VVV, Supt. R. «Si P. R. li. 

October 28, 1878. R. M. SULLY, Gen. Supt. P. R. R. 



GUIDE TO SOriHEKN GEORGIA AND FLOI.'IDA. 27 

from Jacksonville and Tallahassee ; the j unction of the Florida 
branch of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad with the Jacksonville, 
Pensacola and Mobile Railroad ; the county seat of Suwannee 
county; population by census of 1870,805 whites, 501 colored; 
takes its name from the live oak sink which was a celebrated land 
mark with the hunters in the early settlement of this portion of 
the State, from 1821 until it was selected by the engineers in locat- 
ing the branch road as the starting point to connect with the Geor- 
gia system. The live oak tree, which marked the sink and gave 
to it the name, is now dead, having been destroyed by the rising 
of the water in the sink, caused by the railroad embankment, 
which obstructed the drainage. Western Union Telegraph station, 
post office, and agency of the Southern Express. Truck farming 
is cariied on extensively at this point, and large quantities of vege- 
tables are shipped to the Northern and Northwestern cities every 
season. There are two hotels, a saw mill, three cotton gins, two 
grist mills, and a rosin and turpentine manufactory. 




28 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

His M; k Mk Imk li Flsmre hh. 



Ill liiiiit ii-ir^ 



-■^ •k'^^'T -i^ -^^ ^^"■"'j 9^9'" -'9'-'?) 



THE BODTE TO THE 



a 



LAND OF THE SKY. 



V 



THE PIEDMONT AIR-LINE offers superior inducements and rare attrac- 
tions to Invalids, Tourists, and Pleasure Seekers, with its superb road 
bed, handsome coaches, and speed and comfort, added to the fact that it tra- 
verses a country noted for its matchless clime, picturesque scenery, majestic 
mountains, and verdant valleys. Passing through the GOLD region of North- 
east Georgia, with its numerous watering idaces and summer resorts so 
largely patronized the past season, it reaches the far-famed "Land of the Sky," 
in Western North Carolina. In Georgia is presented New Holland, White Sul- 
phur, Porter's, Garnett's, Grover's, and other 

HEALTH-aiVING- SPRING-S. 

The hotels at Mount Airy, Gainesville, and Toccoa keep open during the 
entire winter, with ample accommodations for numerous visitors. Greene- 
ville, Spartanburg, Limestone Springs, and Caesar's Head, in South Carolina, 
are all poijular i-esorts. Parties who had spent the severe jiortion of last 
winter in Florida spent the balanc-e of the time at Mount Airy, with decided 
advantage to their health. I'arties en route to Florida can spend the early 
autumn, and those returning from Florida can spend the early spring at these 
excellent and elevated resorts, with profit and pleasure to their ishysical well- 
being. 

Of the climate of Western North Carolina, Guyot says : "The climate of 
this elevated region is truly delightful. Even in mid-winter snow remains 
but a short time on the ground, and the summits of the high mountains are 
never covered throughout the winter with snow." 

Nestled amid these mountains is the beautiful city of Asheville, N. C. Near 
it are the French Broad and Swannanoa rivers. Asheville is '2,'2.'50 feet above 
the level of the sea, and has a climate mild, dry, and full of salvation for the 
consumptive. Here is located an excellent sanitarium for jiulmonary dis- 
eases. In ten years the highest temperature in summer was 90 deg., in 1871. 
The temperature at mid day in winter rises to 50 deg, and sometimes to 70 
deg. and 80 deg. Asheville is reached via the Piedmont Air-Line and Spartan- 
burg and Asheville Railroads. The last road is now running within twenty- 
miles of Asheville. and the staging is over a smooth road, through a romantic 
eection, by daylight. 

JAMES C. DUNLAP, J, E, MACMURDO, W, J HOUSTON, 

EOBERT E. BILLUP3, Genl Pass. Agt., Gen'l Pass. & Tic. Agt., 

Pass. Agents, Atlanta, Ga. Richmond, Va. Atlanta, Ga. 

J. L. "WALDROP, General Traveling Agent. 



FLORIDA.. 



So much has been written about this world-renowned winter 
resort that we scarcely consider it necessary to enumerate the 
many attractions which are to be found here, but for the benefit 
of the uninitiated we will give a few points. 

TO TOURIS'JS. 

This State is being fully appreciated by tourists, and has been 
known long enough to have its regular visitors, to say nothing of 
the constant flow of new comers from all parts of the United 
States. Those who have visited it are satisfied that no other 
locality equals the St. Johns and Ocklawaha rivers in picturesque 
variety of beautiful scenery, or in facilities for boating, fishing, 
and hunting. 

The attractions to be found in Florida draw the same visitors 
there again and again. The many persons who visit this section 
annually are glad when they arrive, and sorry to depart. 

The searcher after historical reminiscences will find much of 
interest in traces of Spanish occupation for centuries bacli, especi- 
ally in the vicinity of St. Augustine. 

At the usual resorts for tourists can be found hotels and private 
boarding houses that offer the comforts of a home aad the attrac- 
tions of fashionable society. 

TO INVALIDS. 

For a hundred years past this State has been known at home 
and abroad as one of the most healthful locations in the world. 

The thermometer seldom rises above 90 degrees in the summer, 
or falls below 30 degrees in the winter. 

Northerners have long resorted here to find in the mild and 
genial climate relief from the frigid temperature at home. Those 
who, from frp([uent visits and repeated experiments, are best able 
to form an opinion, unite in declaring the climate of Florida un- 
equaled by any other section of country for comfort and health. 

To those persons afflicted with pulmonary complaints, we say 



30 



1 

"u 



GUIDE TO SOU'lHEKN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 



li ceim 

THE 



L 



AC 



LiU 



Making Daily Counectioas with All Lines to aud from Florida. 
Daily Couuactions (sxcept Sunday) with Boats at Jacksonville for 

LUNDM&S Oil \k ST, JOHNS ailt OCKLAWAHA RIVERS 



ST. ^A^XJa-XJSTIlSTE]. 

Through trains dally to 

SAVANNAH and FERNANDINA. 



-Sleeping Car to- 



.IS5 



\ ma 



Passengers taking this line have the advantages of 

QUICK TIME and SURE CONNECTIONS. 

Tickets to all iioints 

NORTH, EAST, WE>ST, AND SOUTHWEST. 

4®" Baggage checked through and Sleeping Car Berths secured at Ticket 
Office in .Jacksonville. 

J. s. Mcelroy, w. m. davidson. 

Master Transportation. General Ticket Agent. 



OUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA. AND FLORIDA. 31 

come to Florida, as many thousands before you have done, and if 
all have not recovered, many have lengthened their days tliereby. 
Don't hesitate until the " foul destroyer" has gained the mastery 
over you, but come before it is beyond the power of the climate 
to aid you 

The census of 1870 shows that the deaths from pulmonary com- 
plaints here are less than in any other State, notwithstanding the 
fact that so many persons come here from all portions of the 
country. 

The general health of Florida is unexceptional. We have con- 
versed with the most intelligent medical men and read the state- 
ments of others on the subject, and they all seem to coincide with 
our view just expressed. Here is what Surgeon-General Lawson 
says on the subject: 

"Indeed, the statistics in the bureau demonstrate the fact that 
the diseases which result from malaria are of a much milder type 
in the peninsula of Florida than in any other State in the Union. 
The record shows that the ratio of deaths to the number of remit- 
tent fever cases has been much less than among the troops serving 
in other portions of the United States. In the northern division 
of the United States the proportion is I death to 36 cases of remit- 
tent fever ; in the middle division, 1 to 52 ; in the southern divis- 
ion, 1 to 54: in Texas, 1 to 78 ; in California, 1 to 122; in New 
Mexico, 1 to 148, while in Florida it is but 1 to 287." 

This gentleman writes this without any prejudice or partiality 
whatever, and only states what every visitor to Florida must feel. 

TO IMMiaRANTS. 

The cbeapness of lands in Southern Georgia and Florida, the 
extremely healthy climate, and the variety of crops peculiar to the 
soil, offers inducements not found elsewhere. We will venture the 
assertion that there is not a more happy and independent people in 
America than those who inhabit what is termed the "wire-grass" 
region of Georgia and Florida. There everything is raised that 
is needed for home consumption. The streams abound in fish ; the 
forests contain deer and other desirable game, and large herds of 
sheep and cattle roam over richest pastures, planted by the hand of 
Omnipotence. The people are out of debt. Their smoke houses 
are in their yards— not in the far West. Their bread comes from 
their cribs— not from those of speculators -and the clothing they 
wear is, in many cases, the handiwork of their industrious wives 
and daughters. 



32 



GUIDE TO SOUTH EEN GEOKGIA AND FLORIDA. 



TOC3^3>a"I'S 



_ ILLMBD Oil 

A First-Class Bar With Choice Liquors, Wines, and Cigars. 
BAY STREET, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 

Under Metropolitan Opera House, oiiposite Post Office. 
Dealer in 

CHOICE LIOUflRS, IMPQRIEO WINES, PORTER, ALE, 

Lager Beer and Bass' Ale on Draught. 

H,llli(liiSlCIGiliSJK,\CCMC. 

Bay Street, Jacksonville, Florida, 

Under Metropolitan Opera House. 



j'rH^t-'OT llV^ 



ESTABLISHED 1876. 



{•i^si^ 



'AY 



HOPKINS 




Office No. 81 West Bay Street. 

Orders left at 27 West Bay ^t. will receive prompt attention. 



JACKSONVILLE, 



FLORIDA. 



5gage called for and checked to all parts of the United States. 
Piano moving a specialty. Baggage stored free of charge. 
Regular Transfer for all Hiver Steamers. 
Lost iiaggage hunted up. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHEKN GEOKGIA AND FLOHIPA. 33 

Who would exchange a life of tliis kind for the sake of being in 
"society," with all its petty exactions and its numerous trains of 
worse evils? 

Here the industrious laborer is sure of making a comfortable 
living — that is the least he may expect Land is offered on such 
terms that it requires but a small capital to secure a home and 
begin the operation of farming. 

The people are hospitable and ever ready to extend the hand of 
welcome to deserving strangers. To such "their latch strings 
hang on the outside of their doors." Take it all in all, it is just 
the place for young men to set their stakes and pitch their tents. 

To manufacturers of lumber, naval stores, etc., the country 
offers great inducements. Every facility is offered to such by this 
road in giving reduced rates of fare, etc. 

A small pamphlet giving description, location, price, etc., of all 
lands for sale on line of road, can be procured by addressing H. 
S. Haines, General Superintendent Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, 
Savannah, Ga. 

Professor H. E. Coltou, of the American Institute of New York, 
gives it as I is opinion that "the most inviting li 'Id, and where the 
inducements are greater than any other for the intelligent emigrant 
who wishes to raise early vegetables for market, (the season being 
two weeks earlier,) where the land is cheap, where rapid trans- 
jiortation is offered, where all 'truck' strikes together' is along the 
line of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad " The Professor says he 
knows the attention of many are turned to this locality ; hence, 
he gives his opinion as a guide to those who contemplate making 
their homes in this section. This is stroig and emphatic lan- 
guage, but no less strong than true, and can be corroborated by 
hundreds who have taken the pains to satisfy themselves on tliis 
point. Coming from the source it does, a Northern scientific ag- 
riculturalist, one who has traveled and investigated the subject 
with the view of giving correct information, is likely to have its 
full weight and effect. Professor Colton's paper will be read and 
pondered by hundreds and thousands, more so than if fifty similar 
papers had occurred in Georgia papers. Coi tijiued and increasing 
evidence of the facts as set forth in Mr. Colton's papers is to be 
seen more and more year after year. Ten years ago but few 
farms and fewer vegetable gardens were to be observed along the 
line of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, but low the traveler, 
while speeding along ov r this highway, makes use of the oft re- 



34 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEOKGIA AND FLORIDA. 








ub, 



80 FORSYTH STREET, 

Jacksonville, - - Florida. 

One Block from the Railroad Depot and principal Steamboat 
Landings. 

WM. 0. ANDERSON, Proprietor. 



uumi 





A 



u 



A 



\J 



A First-Class Bar with Choice 

LIQUORS, 

WINES, 

AND CIGARS. 

Lager Beer and Bass' Ale on Draught. 
97 WEST BAY STREET, 

Opposite "Astor's" New Buililiug, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 3;> 

peatecl remark, "what a large number and great variety of early 
vegetables and fancy corn patches the people are cultivating in 
this country !" 

HOW TO REACH FLORIDA. 

Visitors to Florida from the North and East should make Sa- 
vannah their objective point, thence via the Atlantic and Gulf 
Railroad, which is the preferred route to all points in Northern, 
Middle and Eastern Florida. 

From the West, Northwest and i'outhwest you have the choice 
of three routes via Louisville, Montgomery, Eufaula, Albany and 
Atlantic and Gulf Eailroad, popularly known as the "Eufaula 
Line," with its elegant line of through sleeping and parlor cars, 
running all the year round; via Louisville, Nashville, Atlanta, 
Macou, Jesup and Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, or via Nashville, 
Atlanta, Macon, Albany and Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, all of 
which are pleasant. 

Through tickets by all of above routes. Time cards, etc., can 
_be had by applying at all railroad ticket offices of the principal 
cities, or at the iravannah steamships' agencies in Baltimore, New 
York, or Boston. 




36 



GUIDE TO SOUTDERN GEOEGIA AND FLORIDA. 

Florida. 

Manufactiirer of 



St. Augustine, 



Is a good Tonic and a Delightful Beverage. TherQ is no purer or 
move healthful drink to be lip.d. 



} 



POYNTZ HOUSE 

SANFORD, ORANGE CO., FLA. 



Open the year round. Prices moderate. Wine and. Billiard 
Kooms attached. 

GEO. E. SAWYER, Manager. 

FLlMlPlfLi 

For Shipments to Distant Points of Finiits ami Vf getablrs. 

To a Minimum. 
RATES GUARANTEED TO DESTINATION. 

J8tg= Through Bills Lading given from any point in Florida. For rates and 
shiijping directions, address Agents of the Line at Savannah, Ga., Jacksonville, 
and Live Oak, Fla. 



STATIONS AND POINTS OF INTEREST 

ON THE 

Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad. 



This road traverses the northern portion of the State, from 
Chattahoochee river to Jacksonville, distance 209 miles, with 
branches to Monticello and ISt. Marks, connecting at Live Oak 
with Florida Division of the Atlantic and Gnlf Railroad, for all 
points North and West, and at Baldvvin with the Atlantic, Gulf 
and West India Transit (Company's Railroad for Feniandina, 
Gainesville and Cedar Keys. 

WESrWAHD FROM LIVE OAK. 

Live Oak, Suwiiunee connt}^ Fla. : 82 miles from Jacksonville; 
see stations on Atlantic and Gulf Railroad 

Ellaville, Madison county, Fla. ; i).") mill s from Jacksonville ; 
post and telegraph ottices. Situated on the west bank of the 
Suwannee river, at its junction with the Withlacoochee. it is ad- 
mirably adapted to the lumber business, in which Messrs. Drew & 
Bucki, the founders of the place, are extensively engaged, they 
having several large mills in tiie vicinity, 

Madi.^oii, Madison count}^ Fla ; 110 miles from Jacksonville; 
telegraph office; county seat. Population about 1,000. Located 
in a fertile region of country. Considerable early vegetables and 
fruits are raised here. Several lakes in tlie vicinity abound with 
fish. 

Crreenville, Ma-^ison county, Fla. ; 121 miles from Jacksonville; 
situated in the midst of the cotton-growing section of Florida. 

Aucilla, Jefferson county Fla.; 131 m les from Jacksonville; 
near the river of the same name. 

Driftoii, Jefferson county, Fla ; 138 miles from Jacksonville. 
Connection is here made twice a day with Monticello bj' a branch 
road, distance four miles. Monticello is a pleasant little town of 
some 1,200 inaabitants; post, express and telegraph offices This 
place has mauy attractions, and is the commercial centre of one 



38 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 



FANCY, AND DRESS GOODS, 

No, 6? West Bay St., corner ol Laura, Jacteoiiyille, Florila, 

Has uow in Stot-k a flue line of Milliuery Goods, int-liuliug Pattern 

^ats mid §onnets, planers, feathers, §ibbons, 

and thfi latest Novelties in Milliner}-. 

Including a fine line of Black Dress Silk.s, Cashmeres, Drap D'Ete, Henrietta 

Cloth and Fancy Suitings, with Galons and Fringes to match. 
Ladies', Gent's and Children's Fancj' Hosiery, Silk Ties, Scarfs and Handker- 
chiefs, Ladies' and Children's Merino and Gauze Vests, 
Children's Worsted Sacques, Socks, 
Mittens and Waists. 
Silk Umbrellas and Parasols. A fine line of Kid, Undres.^ed Kid and Lisle 
Gloves, Corsets, including the celebrated "Cork Corset;" 
Table Linen — Napkins, Towels, Tidies; 
Lace Curtains. 
A fine line of White Goods; Real Hair Switches and Puffs; Bergman & Co's. 
Zephyr Worsteds, Worsted Patterns, Zephyr and Shetland 
Shawls; Wenck's Perfumery and 
Toilet Soap. 

ASHMEAD BROS., 

33 WEST BAY ST., JACKSONVILLE, FLA., 

Wholesale and Retail 

Stationers, Printers, 

and Dealers in 

All the Latest 

Daily and Wseklj Fapers, Ml) Magazines, Periodicals, Music, Etc. 

FLORIDA GUIDE BOOKS, MAPS, and VIEWS. 



All goods at Northern Prices. 

Orders by mail promptly attended to. 

The Cheapest Place to buy Goods. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEOHGIA AND FLORIDA. 39 

of the wealthiest coimties in the cottou belt of Florida. Lake 
Miccosukie, not far distant, is a place of some historical note. 
The Constitution, a weekly paper, is published here. 

Lloyds, Leon county, Fla.; 147 miles from Jacksonville; post, 
express, and telegraph offices. 

Chaires, Leon county, Fla.; \'y?j miles from Jacksonville. 

Tallahassee, Leon county, Fla.; 1<),") miles from Ja<;ksouville 
and 'liVl miles from Savannah ; telegraph and money order office ; 
the capital of the ^tate and county seat. Population 2,000. 

This was formerly a place of great wealth, and is still famous 
for the refinement and hospitality of its inhabitants, located in a 
rolling country with a brading climate pleasant to invalids, the 
summer heat being modified by constant breezes from the Gulf of 
Mexico, only 21 miles distant. There are several very pretty lakes 
in the vicinity, on which the Sportsman can find pleasant pastime 
in the proper seasons. Tallahassee has many handsome residences, 
surrounded by gardens pleasant to the eye of the florist. 
- Two weekly papers, the Fldridian (Democratic), and Patriot 
(Republican), are published here. 

A branch railroad from this point connects with Ft. Marks, 
distance 21 miles. This was formerly a place of considerable 
commercial importance, but sinc3 the era of railroads it is almost 
deserted. A United i^tates Signal Station is located here. 

Midway, Leon county, Fla.; \l1 miles from Jacksonville. 

Qiiincy, Gadsden county, Fla.; 189 miles from Jacksonville; 
telegraph office ; county seat ; population about 1,000. This little 
town and the surrounding country is noted for the refinement of 
its inhabitants, and prior to the war tvas the seat of considerable 
wealth. Qulncy has three churches and a good hotel and board- 
ing houses at reasonable rates. 

Mount Pleasant, Gadsden county, Fla.; 198 miles from Jack- 
sonville ; post office. 

Chattahoochee Station, Gadsden county, Fla.; 206 miles from 
Jacksonville. Near this point is the State Penitentiary and Insane 
Asylum, formerly the United States Arsenal, buildings donated by 
the General Government for these purposes. 

Chattahoochee Landing-, Gadsden county, Fla.; 209 miles from 
Jacksonville; post office; the present western terminus of this 
road. Here connection is made with the Central Line of steamers 
for Apalachicola, Eufaula, Columbus, etc. 



40 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

J. CUMBINCER, 

WATCHMAKER. 



JEWELER, 






and OPTICIAN 

Manufacturer of and Dealer in every description of 
SUCH AS 

Sea Beans, Alligators' Teeth, Shell and Fish 

Scale Jewelry, Feather Flowers and Fans, 

Sea Shells, Corals, Sea Fans and 

Willows, Sponges, Etc. 

ALSO 

Royal Palm, Orange, Crahwood, Cabbage, and 
Palmetto Canes. 



BIRDS & ANIMALS BOUGHT & SOLD. 



Particular attention paid to repairing Watches, Clocks, and Jewelry. 
Also to the careful adjustment of Spectacles and Eye-Glasses to the eye. 

37 West Bay Street, 

JACKSONVILLE, - - FLORIDA. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 41 

EASTWARD FROM LIVE OAK. 

Houstoun, Suwanaee county, Fla. ; 70 miles from Jacksonville ; 
post office. 

Welborn, Suwannee county, Fla.; 71 miles from Jacksonville; 
post and e.xpress offices ; population about 150. The surrounding 
country is level and generally produces well, being admirably 
adapted for raising early vegetables for shipment North. Several 
private houses will take boarders at moderate charges. About 
eight miles of this point are tlie White Pulphur Springs, which are 
frequented by sufferers from dyspepsia, rheumatism, etc , the waters 
being adapted to the cure of these diseases. 

Lake City, Columbia county. Fla.; 59 miles from Jacksonville ; 
county seat ; population about 1,000. Present eastern terminus of 
the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Kailroad and junction with 
Florida Central Railroad. This place derives its name from the 
numerous lakes in the vicinity, which abound with tisli at all 
seasons. Two hotels and numerous boarding houses furnish ample 
accommodations for visitors. A weekly paper, the Reporter^ is 
published here. 

Olu.stee, Baker county, Fla.; 47 miles from Jacksonville ; noted 
as the site of the most sanguinary battle fought in the State during 
the late war. 

A large body of Federal troops, under the command of Major 
General Truman Seymour, marched westward from Jacksonville, 
in February, 1SG4. At this place they encountered the Confeder- 
ate forces, under command of General Joseph Finegan. A des- 
perate battle ensued, lasting from 1 p. m. until dark. The Federals 
were defeated, and retreated toward Jacksonville, abandoning their 
dead and wounded. Their loss was heavy, including Colonel Fribly, 
of the colored troops, killed. 

Saiulersou, Baker county, Fla.; 37 miles from Jacksonville; 
post and telegraph offices. 

Baldwin, Duval county, Fla. ; 19 miles from Jacksonville ; post 
and telegraph offices; junction with the' Atlantic, Gulf and West 
India Transit Company's Kailroad, for J^'eruandina, distant 47 miles 
northward, and Cedar Keys, 107 miles southward. Two hotels 
here accommodate guests. 

White Hou.se, Duval county, Fla.; 11 miles from Jacksonville; 
wood station. 

Jacksonville, Duval county, Fla.; 201 miles from Pavannah; 
eastern terminus Florida Central Railroad ; is located on the Jit> 



42 GUIDE TO SOUTIIKES" GEORGIA AMD FLOKDIA. 

CARLETON HOUSE, 

Opeu Iroin November Jst to May 1st. 

STIMPSON, DEVNELL &. DAVIS, 

— Proprietors. 

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 



The Saratof^a of the South. All the Northern comforts with a warm aud 
equable climate. New brick hotel. Fire hose on each iioor, passenger 
elevator, aud all moAeru improvemeuts. 




-SALE AND FEED 



I ST ■A-i:BiI_ilE] ;S!.I 

OPFICE m. 124 rOESYIH STREET, JACKSONVILLE. 

Best Single aud Double Teams always on hand. Also Buggies, Harness, etc, 
for sale. 




SI 




And General Agent for STEAMER HAMPTON 

Aud other Steamers ou St. Johus River, 

28 E. BAY ST„ JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 



GUIDE TO SOrTHERN GEORGIA AND FLOl IDA. 43 

Johns river, 25 miles from the Atlantic ocean, and is the objective 
point of most visitors to the State. It is the largest cit)"^ on the 
Atlantic coast south of Pavannah, and tlie principal commercial 
emporium of the State, extending along the banks of the river for 
four miles. The streets are regularly laid out, with fine shade 
trees to add to their beaut)\ Numerous handsome buildings, both 
pul)lic and private, show its importance Within its limits are 
twelve churches, three Methodist, three Baptist, two Presbyterian, 
two Episcopalian, one Roman Catholic, and one Second Advent, 
and a Jewish synagogue. From its popularity as the Southern 
winter resort, this place has accpiired hotel accommodations unsur- 
passed in the South, and innumerable private boarding houses, 
where first-class accommodations can be had. 

The lumber interest of this city is of great iuiportance. Au 
immense trade has been built up, giving employment to a fleet of 
vessels and many hands. 

The mui-icipal organization of the city is quite complete, in- 
cluding an efficient police and regular fire department. 

From this point the various lines of river boa's make their trips 
to the various landings on the St. Johns and Ocklawaha rivers. 
(See advertisements.) 

The Masonic, Odd Fellows, Temperance, Knights of Pythias, 
and other charitable associations are in a flourishing condition. 
The Jacksonville Yacht Club has erected a fine club house, which 
is a decided ornament to the city. Commodore William B. Astor, 
owner of the superb yachts Atalanta and Ambassadress, is the pre- 
siding officer. 

One of the pleasantest features of a visit to Jacksonville during 
" the season" is the charming society to be found in its inhabitants 
and visitors. Acquaintances begun in the summer at the seaside 
resorts or watering places may here be contiuued ; and a continual 
round of balls, hops, boating and yachting parties, excursions, etc., 
which are seldom interfered with by the weather, give an air of 
gaiety and pleasure to the place quite in keeping with its fame as 
a winter resort par excellence. 



44 (iUlDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

DAILY LINE I 

RIVER STEAMERS. 

OKEEHUMKEE, 

OSCEOLA, AND 

OCKLAWAHA 

LEAVE 



Hailv tur the 

OCKLAWAHA RIVER and SILVER SPRINGS. 



Tourists ami Pleasure seekers will find this the most novel and interestinfj 



trip in the South. 



H. L. HART, Proprietor. 



For Fine Florida Oraiig«'s for shipment to any part of the United 
States apply to H. L. HAKT, PALATKA. 

EIm ESaiERO. 



liTJA^XJ & CO , 



Manufacturers of- 





SALE ROOM, LA FAVORITA, Cor. BAY and PINE, 

FACTORY 54 TO 56 WEST BAY STREET, 
JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 



POINTS OF INTEREST 

UN THE 

Atlantic, Gulf and West IiiJia Transit Conipny's Railroad. 



This road extends across the State, from Fernandina, in the ex- 
treme northeast, to Cedar Key?, on the Gulf of Mexico; distance 
].")5 miles, connectino; at Baldwin witli the Florida Central, and 
Jacksonville, Pensaeola and Mobile Railroad for Savannah, Middle 
Florida, and at Cedar Keys, with steamers for Key West, Tampa, 
Havana and New Orleans. 

- Fernaiidiiia, Nassau county, Fla. Situated on Amelia Island, 
near the junction of the Amelia and St. Mary's rivers. This place 
has one of the finest harbors on the Southern coast. It has about 
3,000 inhabitants; the streets are straight, broad, and commo- 
dious ; many of them are paved with shell and beautifully shaded 
with water oak. There are two hotels, affording ample accom- 
modations for visitors. A number of saw mills are located here, 
giving euiployment to a large body of men. A fine shell road 
extends across the island, one and a half miles to the sea bea?h, 
which has a smooth unbroken surface for twenty miles, affording 
a most desirable drive. On the northern point of this island is 
Fort Clinch, not yet completed. 

Dungeness, the home of General Nathaniel Green and the burial 
place of the famous "Light Horse" Harry Lee, is within easy 
access, a visit to which never fails to delight and interest. 

Hart's Road, Nassau county, Fla.; 12 miles from Fernandina; 
wood station. 

Callahan, Nassau county, Fla ; 27 miles from Fernandina; post 
and telegraph oflSces. 

The general business of this section is in naval stores and tim- 
ber. King's Ferry, on the St. Mary's river, distant IS miles. 

Diitton, Nassau county, Fla.; 3(J miles from Fernandina. Ex- 
tensive turpentine farms are located here 

Baldwin, Duval county, Fla. ; 1!) miles from Jacksonville ; post. 



46 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 



ST. A 




1 mu 




-The trains of the- 



^T. J©HMS MMLWMY 

Make close connections with all the boats at 

TOCOI ON THE ST. JOHNS HIVER. 



Parties can visit St. Augustine and return to Jacksonville on the same day. 



ti3:e 



11 lisss tmMn corasf 

Are prepared to sell to actual settlers farms of 20 acres and upwards at $5.00 

per acre, along the line of said road. Free transportation over the 

Railway for building material and parties looking for land. 

NO LAND SOLD TO SPECULATORS. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHEKN GEORGIA. AKD FLORIDA. 47 

telegraph and express offices; junction with the Atlantic, Gulf 
and West India Transit Compxny's Railroad, for Fernaudlna, dis- 
tant 47 miles mrthward, and Cedar Keys, 107 miles southward. 
Three hotels here accommodate guests. 

This place is laid out in town lots, and has now about I'O inhab- 
itants, several new houses having been built and some now in 
course of construction. The soil is very rich in and around the 
place, suitable for sugar cane, sweet potatoes and garden vegeta- 
bles. A few orange trees have been put out here, and the pros- 
pects are very favorable, and the health is not to be excelled in 
the South. The water is impregnated with iron, making it the 
most healthy tonic of all mineral waters. 

McCleiiiiy, Clay county, Fla.; 5.5 miles from Fernaudina 

Trail Rldg'e, Bradford county, Fla.; G2 miles from Fernandina; 
post office. 

Starke, Bradford county, Fla.; 7?> miles from Fernandina; 
post and telegraph offices. A pleasant village of 3 lO inhabitants. 
-Principal products, sea island cotton, corn and sugar cane. A 
number of lakes in this vicinity afford excellent fishing. 

Willdo, Alachua county, Fla.; 84 miles from Fernandina ; post 
and telegraph offices. Six miles from this place there is a natural 
land sink, covering a continual stream which empties into it, yet 
it has no visible outlet. Santa Fe Lake, a large body of water 
which affords excellent fishing facilities, is two miles distant. The 
Santa Fe river, near here, disappears and flows under ground, 
forming a natural bridge. 

Gainesville, Alachua county, Fla.; OS miles south of Fernan- 
dina; is a lively and pleasant little town of about l,.oOO or 2,000 
inhabitants; it is fast becoming a winter resort for the Northern 
invalid and tourist. A fine, commodious hotel, with all the 
modern improvements, has just been completed, so that visitors to 
this point can depend on comfortable winter lodgings. Parties in 
this county are largely engaged in the culture of early vegetables, 
for shipment to Northern and Western markets. 

Arredomlo, Alachua county, Fla ; 104 miles from Fernandina. 

Battoii, Alachua county, Fla.; 108 miles from Fernandina. 

Ardier, Alachua county, Fla.: 113 miles from Fernandina; po.st 
and telegraph offices. 

Bronson, Levy county, Fla.; 122 miles from Fernandina; post 
office; county seat; population 2.">0. This section of country is 



48 



GUIDE TO SOrXIIEKN GEORGIA AND FI.OKIDA. 



LARKIN HOUSE 

PALATKA, FLORIDA. 



I 



Your atteniion is calletl to the accomraodatioris and 
advantatjes afforded to winter boarders bv the 



tiAMm 



IQ'Ui 



-Situated on tli 



ST. JOHNS RIVER, PALATKA, FLA., 

which will open about December, 1878, for the reception 
of guests in yaiisuit of an equable climate, combined 
with the recreations of fishiny^, gunning, boating, etc. 
Persons of delicate health seeking the protection of a 
mild and steady temperature, where the thermometer 
never falls below 40 degrees, will find our house the 
largest and finest on the St. Johns river. It is south of 
Jacksonville and St. Augustine, and has room for 250 
persons, and is arranged with all the modern conven- 
iences, including the following : 

1st. The hotel is entirely new, with large rooms, high 
ceilings, and perfect ventilation. 

2d. It is lighted with gas, the rooms contain electric 
bells and wardrobes built in the walls. 

3d. The sleeping rooms are furnished throughout 
with black walnut furniture, spring beds, and hair 
mattresses. 

4th. The table is supplied with all the luxuries of the 
season, equal to any in the country. The house is 
beautifully located on the river banks, and is entirely 
surrounded by sweet orange, live oak, and banana trees. 

Proprietors. 

D. F. LAEKIN, of Larkin House, Watch Hill, R. I. 
A. D. ALLEN, of Norwich. Conn. 



GriDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AXD FLORIDA. 4!) 

very productive aud well adapted to the cultivation of cottou, 
sugar cane, etc. 

Otter Creek, Levy county, Fla ; 134 miles from Fornandina ; 
post office. 

Rosewood, Levy county, Fla.; 14") miles from Fernaudina. 

Cedar Keys, Levy county, Fla.; 1.").") miles from Fernaudina; tiie 
terminus of the road ; population GOO. There is considerable 
business done at this point with New Orleans and Havana ; regular 
line of steamers leaving for these points every Saturday ; also a 
semi- weekly line for Tampa, Manatee aud Key West. 

THK GULF COAHT. 

This portion of the State south of Cedar Keys is rapidly comiug 
into notice, but to many the attractions to be found here are com- 
paratively unknown. 

Tampx, Hillsboro couuty, Fla., is situated on Hillsboro Bay, a 
branch of Tampa Bay, and is a place of some irajjortance. 

Mauatee, Manatee county, Fla., on river of same name, some 
miles south of Tampa Bay, is fast comiug into prominence. 
Many Northerners of means have purchased lands in this section, 
and taken up their residences here. 

Charlotte Harbor, a body of water 2.'> miles long, and from 8 
to 10 miles wide, is the fisherman's paradise. The tourist or sporls- 
mau will be well repaid by a visit to this tropical clime, which can 
be easily reached by steamers from Cedar Keys. 

Key West, Monroe couuty, Fla., is situated on island of same 
name; telegraph office. Population 3,000, a large number of 
which are Cuban refugees, engaged lai'gely in the manufacture of 
cigars. There is also a manufactory for canning pine apples, 
which grow to perfection on this and adjacent islands. The 
climate is mild and agreeable. The hotel accommodations are 
very good. This place is much frequented by invalids. Connec- 
tion with Cedar Keys is made by steamers semi- weekly. 

ST. JOHN'S RIVER. 

This marnificent and capacious body of water, characterized 
for its waywardness by the Indians as 'll-la-ka," meaning that 
"it has its own way," flows througli East Florida, alnifist due 
northwanl, for 400 miles, until Jacksonville is reached. It then 
runs directly cast into the Atlantic Occau. It seems to be formed 
by the numerous s.n.ill streams from the unexplored region of the 



50 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 



Open from November to May, PALATKA, FLA. 

Address, by Mail or Teltgrapli, P. H. Orvis. 

Palatka is situated on tlie west bauk of the St. Johus river, seventy miles 
south of Jacksnnville. It is at the head of navigation for ocean steamers, and 
near the mouth of the celebrated Ocklawaha river. Hart's famous Orange 
Grove is immediately across the St. Johns riv. r, opposite the town. Florida 
tourists should visit Palatka and make the trip to the upper St. Johns and up 
the romantic Ocklawaha. 



(Foot of Mt. Equiuo.x.) 

Open from June to October, MANCHESTER, VT. 

Address, l>y 3Iail or Telegraph, F. H. Orvis. 

JACKSONVILLE 




LmryanlSalsMc, 

2<S and 30 Newiian St., 

Opposite Metropolitan Hotel, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA., 

McMiirry & Brittain, Proprietors. 

Horses, Buggies, Phwtons. and other Ve- 
hicles constantly for hire. Omnibuses and 
Phfetons meet all trains and boats. 



ORNAMENTAL GRASS BOUQUETS, 

By Mail, Carefully Packed, 

For 30 cts., 50 cts., 80 cts., and $1.00. 

For house decoration —most beautiful on earth. 
ItmOgp^ VARIETIES OF BEAUTIFULLY CURED GRASSES. ^f%i J§\ 

^^ FERNS, MOSSES AND FLOWERS for only ?5S) A/ 
Native Plants and Seeds. Catalogue, 3c. stamp. 

laiksoEvilli, Pli. 




ST.JOHN'S RIVER, 
FLORIDA . 

Rand, Avery & Co. 
Map Engr'Sj Bo)>tOD. 



GUIDE TO SOUrilERN GEOKGIA AND FLORIDA. 51 

Fverglades, though its real source is unknown. Tliere are but a 
few streams in the world that present a more tropical appearance 
along their whole course — we tind orange groves, bitter and sweet, 
dipping their gold dappled boughs into its tepid waters. On its 
brink, rises the stately magnolia in all its pride, steeping the at- 
mosphere in its rich perlunie. The waters of this noble stream 
are of a dark blue, and slightly brackish in taste, as far up as 
Lake George. 

The banks of the St. John's are the principal attraction to in- 
valids in sjarch of pleasant surroundings. Thousands of visitors 
are scattered among its town? and villages every winter, while 
some few bring camp equipages and pitch their tents in the 
picturesque forests. 

POINTS OF INTEREST ON RIVER. 

The means of access to all points on river are easy and couifort- 
able. One of the Brock & Coxetter's line of steamers leaves 
Jacksonville daily, except Sunday, on arrival of the Northern 
trains, for all landings on the St. John's river. 

Mulberry trrove, on the west bank of the river, 12 miles from 
Jacksonville, is the first landing. There is a beautiful grove here^ 
a very pleasant resort for picnic parties. 

Mandarin, Duval county, Fla.; lo miles from Jacksonville, on 
the east bank ; post office. Population 250. A convent has been 
recently established here by the bishop of Florid:), and is now in- 
habited by the Sisters of Mercy. Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe 
resides here ; she has a pleasant cottage surrounded by 40 acres of 
land, several of which are planted with orange trees. 

This was once the scene of a dreadful massacre by the Seminole 
Indians. Just beyond this place can be seen the wreck of the 
Federal transport "Maple Leaf," destroyed by a torpedo during 
the war. 

Orang-c Park, Clay county, Fla ; on west bank of river ; 15 
miles from Jacksonville. 

Hibernia, Clay county, Fla.; 23 miles from Jacksonville, on the 
west bank ; post office. A pleasant and convenient resort for in- 
valids I'.oarding house ; Mrs. Fleming, proprietress. 

Mag'nolia, Clay county, Fla.; 28 miles from Jacksonville, on 
■west bank ; post office. This is one of the most pleasant places 
on the river: having tine hotel accommodations, it is much fre- 
quented by Northerners. Near this place, to the northward, is 



52 GUIDE TO SODTHEKN GEOltGIA AND FLORIDA. 

Si. Augustine Hole 

ST. AUG-USTINE, FLORIDA. 



This spacious and elegant Hotel occupies the most commanding situation 
in the city; having been enlarged to double its former capacity, offers superior 
accommodations to t-he traveling public. 

It has a southerly front of 200 feet upon the Plaza, or Public Square, and 
an easterly front of IGO feet upon the Bay, with -wide piazzas and hanging 
balconies from each story, overlooking the City, Bay, and Atlantic Ocean. 

The House has been entirely refitted and refurnished throughout ; the 
Dining Room, Parlors, Billiard Room, Restaurant, and many of the Sleeping 
Rooms have been elegantly frescoed during the past summer. It is lighted 
■with gas and provided with every modern improvement, including water 
conveniences, electric bells, etc. 

The piazza has been raised and enclosed on the south side, and the 
drainage of the Hotel made perfect. 

A Restaurant has been opened, where all the delicacies of the New York 
markets can be obtained, at reasonable prices. 

The Dining Hall is capable of seating over 300 guests, and the table will 
be furnished with all the luxuries of the Northern markets. 

At this Hotel every convenience will be found in the way of Telegraph and 
Ticket Offices, Bar and Billiard Saloons, etc., etc. 

'J he climate of St. Augustine is unsurpassed. For many years it has been 
the favorite resort for thousands of invalids and others who desire to escape 
the rigid winters of the North. 

"Ye Ancient City" possesses more attractions than any other place on 
this continent; prominent among which are the old fort "San Marco," with 
its dungeons ; the ancient Cathedral, Spanish Government House, Coquina 
buildings, narrow streets with overhanging balconies, sea walls, etc., etc. 

The city has a very eventful history, and still retains all the characteristics 
of its Spanish origin. The United States Government built a seawall, extend- 
ing the entire length of the city, as a protection from the waves during severe 
storms, which is much used as the fashionable promenade for both citizens 
and strangers. It is a favorite resort on moonlight nights, which are enjoyed 
here to perfection. 

Persons wishing to avoid the cold weather of the North, or afflicted with 
pulmonary complaints, will find St. Augustine one of the most desirable 
places in the woi-ld. 

To reach St. Augustine from New York there are four distinct routes : 
"All rail" to Jacksonville, thence b.v boat to Tocoi (forty miles up the 
St. Johns river, daily), and thence by rail fourteen miles to St. Augustine; or 
by steamer to Charleston, Savannah, or Fernandina, and by boat or rail from 
thence to St. Augustine. 

Steamers to Charleston and Savannah three times a week, and to Fernan- 
dina once a week. Fare through by steamers, 129.75; via " all rail," $37.50. 

E. E. VAILL. 



OniDK TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 53 

Black Creek, wliicli is navigable for small steamers as far as Mid- 
dleburg. A pleasant walk of one mile brings you to 

Green Cove Spring's, clay county, Fla ; 80 miles from Jackson- 
ville, on west bank ; post office. The principal attraction here is 
the fine spring, from which the place derives its name. The 
waters of this spring are strongly impregnated with sulphur, and 
have a temperature of about 75 degrees, well adapted for rheuma- 
tism and dyspepsia. The bathing facilities are well arrange<l. 

This place boasts of two fine hotels and a number of boarding 
houses. 

Hog-artli's Wliarf, St. John's county, Fla.; ."5 miles from Jack- 
sonville, on enst bank ; post office ; wood landing. 

Picoliita, St. John's county, Fla.; 40 miles from Jacksonville, 
on east bank; post office. This is the site of an ancient Spanish 
city, with a fine church and monasteries, erected two centuries 
ago by Franciscan friars ; all that remains at this historical point 
now is a cabin and field grown up with weeds. This was formerly 
the landing for St. Augustine, having been used as such until the 
completion of the St. John's Railroad. Opposite Picolata are the 
remains of Fort Poppa, erected during the Spanish era. 

Tocoi, St. John's county, Fla.; 4!) miles from Jacksonville, on 
the east bank ; post office. Here connection is made by the St. 
John's Railroad with St. Augustine, distant 14 miles. This road 
has been rebuilt with iron rails, and the run is made in 35 minutes, 
twice per day, each way. 

Federal Point, Putnam county, Fla ; 58 miles from Jackson- 
ville, on the east bank of the river ; post office ; wood landing. 

Oranafe Mill.s, Putnam county, Fla.; 63 miles from Jackson- 
ville, on the east bank ; post office. A beautiful orange grove 
here. 

Dancey's Landing-, one mile further south, has one of the oldest 
orange groves on the river, the fruit from which is always sought 
after. 

Palatka, Putnam county, Fla ; 75 miles from Jacksonville, on 
the west bank of the river; post and telegraph offices. Situated 
at the head of navigation for ocean steamers; this is the most 
prominent place south of Jacksonville. Population 1,500. The 
adjacent country is characterized by a richness of vegetation and 
mildness of climate. The streets of Palatka are shaded with the 
wild orange, some of which are in full fruit and flower at the 
same time, giving a beautiful appearance to the town. 
6 



^t 



aUIDE TO Sf'TJTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

MRS. J. V. HERNANDEZ, 

FIRST-CLASS PRIVATE 




^1 ^^ M ^^.L^^^- 



HOTJS3E3- 



This bovise is a new one, and newly furnished throughout, and 
"will accommodate about forty guests. Is situated on Charlotte 
Street, two doors from the corner of Treasury Street, and one 
block from the " Plaza." 

A very pleasant location, and well fitted for the comfort of 
visitors. 

Persons desiring to find a comfortable home to spend the winter 
in ST. AUGUSTINE will find it with the congenial, warm-hearted 
liostess, Mrs. J. V. Hernaisdkz, who for the past ten years has 
given entire satisfaction. 



Curiosity Store. 

On hand, a good assortment of 

SEA BEANS, 

ALLIGATOR TEETH, 

FEATHER FLOWERS. 

All kinds Fancy 

Bean Jewelry and Feather Flowers made to order. 



Eailroad Tickets sold to All Point?. Baggage checked at 
residence. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 55 

At this point passengers take steamers for the Ocklawaha river, 
which empties into the St. John's 2o miles south of here. No 
visitors to Florida should fail to make a trip up this celebrated 
river. 

Two first-class hotels in Palatka furnish ample accommodations 
for all visitors. At Heiss' "old curiosity store" and news depot 
will be found many things interesting to the tourist. On the op- 
posite side of the river lies the beautiful orange grove owned by 
Colonel Hart, the largest on the river, containing over 700 trees, 
which yield an annual income of from $12,000 to $15,000. 

San Mateo, Putnam county, Fla.; 80 miles from Jacksonville, 
on east bank of river ; post office. 

Welaka, Putnam county, Fla.; 100 miles from Jacksonville, on 
east bank of river, opposite the mouth of the Ocklawaha; post 
office. The site of an old Indian and Spanish settlement. 

Beecher, Mount Royal, and Georg'etown, all in Putnam county, 
on east bank of river, 101, 108 and 133 miles distant from Jack- 
aouville respectively. Post office at Georgetown. 

Lake George. Above Welaka the river widens into Little Lake 
George, 7 miles long and 3 to 4 miles wide; south of this, 107 
miles from Jacksonville, is Lake George. This beautiful sheet of 
water is about 18 miles in length and 10 miles in width. This 
lake has a number of islands in it ; the largest, called Rembrandt, 
is 1,700 acres in extent, and has on it a splendid orange grove, and 
numerous vestiges of original settlers. The lake is well stocked 
with fish and water fowls of every description. Approaching the 
southern shore, clothed in eternal verdure, the mouth of the river 
is scarcely distinguishable on account of its diminished width and 
the blending of forest and stream. Near the mouth the water is 
very shallow, not exceeding five feet in depth. 

Volusia, Volusia county, Fla.; 144 miles from Jacksonville, on 
east bank of river; post office. This is also the site of an ancient 
Spanish settlement, no vestige of which remains. An immense 
land grant was afterwards obtained here from the Spanish govern- 
ment by Mr. Dennison RoUes, an P]nglish merchant of wealth, 
who erected a beautiful mansion and e-tablished a home lor the 
unfortunate women from the streets of London, with a view to 
their reformation. Numerous disasters befell the colony, and it 
was finally broken up. 

Orange Bluff, Volusia county, .Fla ; 1+7 miles from Jackson- 
vUle, on east bank of river ; wood landing. South of this point, 



■5G GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA. AND FLORIDA. 



UAITE 



St. Augustine, Florida, 




# 



# 



PROPRIETOR. 



"During the past summer the Magnolia lias been 
^enlarged to accommodate double its former capacity. 
Suits of rooms have been arranged for the special cou- 
venience of families. 

The springs, beds, mattresses, etc., have been specially 
selected for comfort and ease. Each room is supplied 
TYith electric call bells, and nearly all the rooms are 
furnished with tire places, etc. Its new dining room is 
-capable of seating about two hundred guests. The 
«cuisine will continue to be in every respect uuexception- 
:able. 

The Magnolia is located upon St. George street — 
^he Fifth Avenue of St. Augustine. It stands upon 
the highest ground in the city, and affords a fine view 
oi the town and ocean. 




8IL\EB SPBINGh 



GriDE TO SOUTHERN GE0KG:A AND FLOl.IOA. fJT 

on east of river, is Lake Dexter, arouucl which are many fine- 
plantations. 

Hawkinsville, Orange county, Fla.; 174 miles from Jackson- 
ville, on west bank of river ; post office. At this place can be 
seen a large banana grove. 

Cabbag'e IJliiff', Volusia county, Fla.; 175 miles from Jackson- 
ville, on east bank of river ; post office ; wood lauding. 

Blue Spring's, Volusia county, Fla. ; 180 miles from Jackson- 
ville, on east bank of river ; post office. Near this landing is one 
of the largest springs in the State, formiug a basin a quarter of a 
mile in length, about 100 feet wide, and 20 feet deep. The water 
boils from a bottom of 80 feet, is clear as crystal, and. of a sul- 
phurous smell. Shoals of fish can be seen in the stream flittit:g 
here and there seeking their livelihood. This is a favorite resort 
for marooning parties, the hunting being very fine in the 
Yicinit3\ 

Sauford, Orange county, Fla.; 204 miles from Jacksonville; 
post otfice ; situated on the west bank of Lake Monroe (which is- 
second in size on the river, being about 12 miles long and 5 miles 
wide.) Sanford has excellent hotel accommodations, and is much 
frequented by invalids and others 

Mellonville, onl}' one mile south of Sanford, is located on the 
site of Fort Mellon, erected during the Indian war. This is one of 
the most important landings on the river ; it is surrounded by a 
very fertile country, and is being rapidly settled up by an intelli- 
gent class of people. Lakes Apopka, Harris, Eustis, Griffin, etc.^ 
in the interior, furnish all amusement desired by the sportsman. 

Enterprise, Volusia county, Fla.; is situated directly opposite 
Mellonville, on the east bank of Lake Monroe; jiost office. Art 
excellent hotel here contains all conveniences for 100 guests. One 
mile from the hotel is the Green Sulphur Spring, the waters of 
which are of a delicate green color — at times transparent; the 
spring is about 100 feet in depth, and is well worth visiting^ 
Horses and boats are furnished here for hunting and fishing ex- 
peditions to the Indian river country and Lakes Jesup and Harney. 
The run to Lake Harney and back can be made in a day. The 
waters of these lakes are very shallow, not exceeding three feet 
in depth. 

Indian River, the sportsman's paradise, can be reached by boat 
from St Augustine ; by overland conveyances from Volusia and 
Enterprise, or by steamer from Jacksonville to trait Lake, thence 



68 GUIDE TO SOU'JHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

I WASHINGTON CITY. I 



VIRGINIA MIDLANT I 



& GREAT SOUTHERN I 



U^ILRO^JD. 



GO SOUTH YIA VIRGINIA MIDLAND RAILROAD 



Persons contemplating a visit to the States of Georgia, 
South Carolina, or Florida, for the winter, in search 
of health or pleasure, should not fail to examine the 
schedules of th^ W. C, V. M. & G. S. R. R. before 
purchasing their tickets. This company offers unrivaled 
inducements to both the invalid and pleasure seeker. 
Steel rail, good track, air brakes, splendid day coaches, 
and unsurpassed equipment. 



Leave New York, via Pennsylvania railroad, 8:15 a m.; 
Philadelphia, 11:45 a. m.; Baltimore, 3:20 p. m. ; Wash- 
ington, 5:15 p. m. ; and Alexandria, G:10 p. m. Pullman 
Palace Sleeping Cars V:)etween Washington and Savannah 
and Washington and Jacksonville. Pullman Palace Cars 
also, by this line, between Washington and New Orleans 
without change. Two daily trains each way. Solid 
trains Washington to Lynchburg and Danville. Hound 
trip tickets by this line good until May 15th, 1879, on 
sale at all the ticket offices of the Pennsylvania, Phila- 
delphia, Wilmington h Baltimore, Baltimore & Ohio, and 
Baltimore & Potomac railroads, by all the routes suuth of 
Lynchburg and Danville. 




THE BANKS OF TUB OCLAWAHA. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 59 

by stage (six miles) to Sand Point, where comfortable quarters 
can be obtained. 

Ocklawaha River. This most singular stream, flowing into the 
St. John's, opposite Welaka, was not fully explored until the year 
18G7. For over ISO miles it runs parallel with the Si. John's from 
Lake Apopka, which is its source, through Lakes Eustis, GrifBn, 
etc., and scarcely a house is to be seen along its entire course ; but 
now and then a landing with its rich freights of cotton, sugar, 
oranges, etc., the products of the fertile counties of Putnam and 
Marion. On account of the narrowness of the stream and the 
dense foliage on the banks, its navigation is somewhat difficult 

No visitor to Florida should fail to visit Silver Spring, which 
rises suddenly from the ground, and after running nine miles 
through Silver Run, empties into the Ocklawaha, one hundred 
miles from its mouth. This spring is one of the wonders of this 
tropical clime ; its waters are seventy-five feet or more in depth, 
and 80 transparent that the glistening sand on the bottom looks as 
if but a few inches beneath the surface. 

The principal landings on the Ocklawaha are Fort Brooks, 
distant from the St. John's 3.5 miles; lola .50, Eureka 60, !• andy 
Bluff G8, Palmetto Landing 78, Gores 83, Durisoj 89, Graham 94, 
Delk's Bluff 100, Silver Spring 109, Sharp's Ferry 114, Moss Bluff 
140, Starks 15.5, Lake Griffin 160, Leesburg 170. 

St. Augustine, St. John's county, Fla , by far the most ancient 
town in North America, is situated on a peninsular formed by the 
St. Sebastian and Matanzas rivers, with a population of 2,000 
persons; excellent hotel accommodations, numerous churches, etc. 
This is a delightful winter resort. The streets are very narrow, 
the houses, with hanging balconies, almost touching each oiher 
across them. 

Near the centre of the city is the " Plaza de la Constitution," a 
fine square, on which is located the principal public buildings, 
notably among which is the Catholic Cathedral. This building 
was commenced in 1798; it has a unique belfry containing four 
chime bells in separate niches, which are rung every morning ; one 
of them is marked 1682. The floors are concrete. The building 
contains several fine old Spanish paintings. Altogether, it is one 
of the most interesting objects in the city. 

A monument in the Plaza, eighteen feet high, was erected iu 
1812 to commemorate the Spanish Liberal Constitution. The 
monument bears the following inscription : 



CO 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEOKGIA AND FLORIDA. 




i 



i" 



Comprising the 

Richmond and Danville, 

North Carolina, 

Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta 
RJ^ILR- OJ^ DS. 



The safest and most comfortable roiite between Northern and Eastern 
points and 

COLUMBIA, 

CHAIILESTON, 
AUGUSTA, 
AIKEN, 

MACON, 

SAVANNAH, 

JACKSONVILLE, 

Dijring the season of 1878-9. 

ROUND TRIP TICKETS AT GREATLY REDUCED RATES 

Will be placed on sale at all principal points North and East to 

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 

The only line riiuning Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars between New York 
and Savannah, via Augusta, without change. Only one change of cars 
between Now York and Jacksonvillp. 

Be sure that your ticket reads "via Itichmond, Charlotte, Columbia, and 
Augusta." 

C. L. DEBRELL, J. L. WALDROP, J. R. MACMURDO. 



Southern Trav'g Agt., 
Augusta Ga. 



Gen'l Easfn Agt.. Geu'l Pass. & Ticket Agt. 

No. 9 Astor House, Richmond, Va. 

New York City. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHEEN GEORGIA. AND FLORIDA. 61 

^^ Plaza de la Constitution, prom ulg ado en esta cindad de San 
Augustine, de la Floridd oriental, en 17 de Oatubre, de 1812. 8i- 
endo Governador el Brigadier D. Sebastian Kindalan, Cabellero de 
ki orden de Santiago. 

PEIRA ETERNO MEMORIA, 

El ayuntamiento Constitucional Erigio este Obeliseo dirigido por D. 
Fernando de la Plaza Arredondo, eljoven Regidor Decano T Fran- 
cisco Robira, Procurador Sindieo. Ano de 1813." 

TRANSLATION. 

Plaza of the Constitutiou, promulgated ia the city of St. Augus- 
tine, East Florida, on the 17th day of October, the year 1812. 
Being then Governor the Brigadier D. Sebastian Kindalan, Knight 
of the order of Santiago. 

FOR ETERNAL REMEMBRANCE, 

the Constitutional City Council erected this monument under the 
supervision of D. Fernando de la Plaza Arredondo, the young 
municipal officer, oldest member of the corporation, and Francisco 
Robira, Attorney and Recorder. 

The palace, the residence of the Spanish Governor, is now used 
as the post office and United States Court. The United States bar- 
racks, now occupied by troops, was formerly a Spanish monastery.' 

The old Huguenot cemetery and the military burying ground are 
interesting places. In the latter are three pyramids, built of coquina, 
and stuccoed whitewashed, under which lie the remains of Major 
Dade and 107 men, who wei'e massacred by Osceola 

The sea wall, a mile in lengtb, was erected in 1837-13 out of 
coquina, with a coping of granite. It protects the entire east 
front of the city from the encroachments of the river, and affords 
a delightful promenade. 

Fort Marion. — This old Spanish fort was formerly called '■'■San 
Juan de Pinos," and afterwards changed to " San Marco." At 
the change of flags in 182 1, it received the name of Fort Marion, 
which it now bears It was begun in 1G20, and completed in 175G. 
The material used in its construction is almost entirely coquina, a 
concretion of fragments of shell quarried on Auastasia island oppo- 
site the city. The labor on it was performed priucipally by Appa- 
lachean Indians, who alone were forced to work on it for sixty 
j-^ears. Conscripts from Mexico also contributed to the work. It 
is one of the strongest fortifications in this country, requiring an 
armament of 100 guns and 1,000 men as a garrison. It has never 
been taken by a besieging enemy. It is in all respects a castle, 



62 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLOKIDA. 

built after the plan of those in the middle ages of Europe. In 
modern military parlance, it is known as a four bastioned fort. 

The inscription over the gate, or sally port, of the fort, is as 
follows : 

'■'■Renando En Espana Elsr Don Fernando Sexto Y Siendo Oov 
Y Capn Gendefs G N Avcdelaf Y S Vprov, Rlmairscal De Campo 
D Alonso Frmdie Ridiase concloioestecs. T Tl oelan 0. D. 1756, 
Diriendo Lasrobrel Capyniero, D. Pedro De Brazas Y Garay." 

TRANSLATION. 

Don Ferdinand the VI, being King of Spain, anrl the Field 
Marshal Don Alonzo Fernando Ilereda being Governor and Cap- 
tain General of this place, St. Augustine of Florida, and its 
province. This fort was finished in the year 1756. The works 
were directed by the Captain Engineer, Don Pedro de Brazas Y. 
Garay. 

St. Augustine is reached by steamers from Jacksonville to Tocoi, 
thence via St. John's Railroad, the whole forming a pleasant ride 
of about five hours. 

A number of first-class hotels and private boarding houses 
furnish all necessary accommodations to visitors. 

Visitors to St. Angustine in search of real estate had better con- 
sult A. J. Goss, Eeal Estate Agent. 

THK LAKE COUNTRY OF FLORIDA. 

The country lying in and around the "Ocklawaha Lakes," as 
they are termed, is known as the Lake Eegion of Florida. About 
midway the Pennsula, equidistant from gulf and ocean, these 
lakes are clustered together, having a water connection, aftbrding 
a highway between them— Harris, Eustis, Giitfin, Dora, t'eauchiir, 
and Apopka. Through and from these lakes the Ocklawaha river 
flows to the Atlantic, and at high-water season, the water flows as 
well wcstvviird through the Withlacoochee liver to the Gulf. Thus 
it is demonstrated that the region is upon the backbone of the 
Peninsula the great water shed, and, per consequence, one of the 
most elevated sections of the State. The shores to the lakes are 
bold and prominent, for the most part ; in some cases bluffs forty 
to fifty feet precipitous from the water. Around the lake margins, 
of a width varying from one-fourth to three miles, the soil is 
heavily timbertd hammock, exceedingly fertile, and interspersed 
with magnificent groves of the wild orange. The lakes are free 
from grasses and bonnets, of clear, pure water, varying in size 




THE OLD GATEWAY AT ST. AUGUSTINE. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 63 

from Lake Harris, which iseigliteen miles long by a width of from 
three to six miles, to Lake Beauclair, which is from one to two 
miles iu width. The country back of the hammock margins is 
a high, rolling pine land, interspersed with innumerable little 
crystal lakes. 

This regicm is eminently attractive to the immigrant, and is 
beyond doubt as well adapted to the production of fruits and 
vegetables as any section of the State. The soil is fertile, respond- 
ing generously to the cultivator. 

The peculiar location in and around such a cluster of lakes 
readers it as free from frost as any section of the State north of 
Charlotte Harbor. The southern shores of these lakes, having 
the protection of water exposure on the north, are simply frost 
proof, as spttlers of twenty years' residence can testify. It is, 
from its elevated situation, free from malarial influence, and is 
healthy and delightful as a residence, winter and summer. 

Constant breezes during the summer months, with the showers 
of the rain season, make a delightful temperature. The climate is 
-simply ciiarming. The aspect of the country is picturesque and 
beautiful, and never fails to elicit enthusiastic praise from the cul- 
tivated lover of nature. 

This section is being settled up by as fine a class of people as 
the United >tate3 can produce — a high-toned, cultivated Christian 
people. The number of villages in and around the lakes, attest 
the rapid influx of settlers — Yalaha, Leesburg, Okahumpka, Fort 
Marion, Clifford, etc. Shores which two years ago were in a 
primitive state, now are studded with cottages and fruit farms, 
and industry and thrift everywhere prevail. 

This section depended for its outlet to market upon the Ockla- 
waha river, but it has now grown too big for the Ocklawaha. A 
quicker and more commodious transit is demanded, and this will be 
given by the St. John's, Lake Eustis and Gulf Railroad. This 
road is now being rapidly pushed forward to completion. From 
the lakes to Jacksonville, over this road, only twelve hours is con- 
sumed, and with such an outlet to the great markets of the North 
there is but little doubt that this attractive region will become the 
fruit laud and market giirdeu, facile pj^i/iceps, of Florida. 

THE SOIL OF FLORIDA. 

Florida is a vast peninsula — "newborn of the sea" — the most 
southern, and therefore the most tropical division of our country. 



64 OCriDE TO aODTRKKN OEOROIA AND FLOJRIDA. 

It extends southward nearly four hundred miles between two 
oceans, with an average breadth of more than one hundred and 
twenty-tive miles. Its surface is not, as has been generally sup- 
posed, one continuous morass, but principally a sandy, rolling 
country, and for the most part covered with imni'.'nse forests of 
yellow, or ()itch pine, interspersed with densely and heavily wooded 
strips or patches, called hammoclis. The whole State lies upon 
a vast bed of coral, raised iu the sea and covered with a stratum 
of sand largely mingled with pulverized or decomposed coral and 
sea shells In some parts of the State this decomposed coral has 
become concrete, forming a sort of lime rock, and in others the 
eea shells, more or less broken, have also concreted, forming a 
layer of peculiar rock, called "coquina." In many portions of the 
State clay is also found near the surface, not often pure, but 
mingled with the silicalcareous and coralline elements. Such is 
the foundation of the soil over tlie whole peninsula. With the 
addition of a vegetable mould which, in the course of time accu- 
mulates from the rank growth, which in the tropical climate of 
Florida make the lands powerfully productive, over a larger por- 
tion of the higli lands exhausting fires, kindled by the Indians and 
frontier settlers, have swept from time to time, destroying nearly 
all of the decayed, and even living vegetable matter, except the 
pines. These seem to be little affected by the burning, but flourish 
enormously almost everywhere, loading the air with their peculiar 
and healing fragrance. 

The lands of Florida are very curiously distributed, and may be 
designated High Hammock, Low Hammock, Swamp, Savanna and 
the differeut qualities of pine land. Most persons looking at our 
country are greatly at a lo?s how to judge of the character of these 
various soils they meet with here — their comparative fertility and 
desirability. Persons who are good judges in other countries, dis- 
trust their ability to judge properly here The plentiful admixture 
of lime found in all the soil of East Florida in connection with a 
moist and warm atmosphere, renders all our soils both more free 
and lasting than appearances would warrant. The general charac- 
ter of the Florida soil is light and sandy, not calculated to sustain 
a continued and exhaustive system of cropping. Those who come 
with this intention, after a few years of varied success, are soon 
compelled to take up the march still further westward and leave in 
the comparatively barren and exhausted soil behind a melancholy 
testimony of agricultural ignorance and folly; a cause of just 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 65 

contumely and reproach from the better informed who may suc- 
ceed them. The pine regions are covered generally with what is 
known as the wire-grass, an unfailing indication of poorness, and 
the dwarf palmetto is also a marked and accompanying character- 
istic of such soils. The hammock lands are designated indiscrimi- 
nately throughout the State, and are of universal interest, whether 
to the agriculturist, the botanist, or lover of the picturesque. These 
lands are of two kinds, the gray and the clay ; the former are soon 
exhausted, but the latter, in their character of durability and 
strength, similate alluvial soils. Both have attracted the chief at- 
tention of the traveler, for in them is vegetation most rank, luxu- 
riant, diversified, and beautiful. One realizes, upon _^entering a 
hammock, the astuteness of the savage in making such a locality 
the theatre of his covert, concealed, and deadly mode of warfare. 
Here the bright, dazzling, and sickening light of a summer's mid- 
day sun is converted into the picturesque, refreshing, and soul^ 
breathing shade of a welcome twilight — here the shades of night 
anticipate the closing hours of day, and ere light has yet passed 
from the earth, here is "the blackness of utter darkness" rendered 
visible. 

There is in every State and Territory in the Union a very large 
proportion of barren and poor lands, but the ratio of these lands 
differ greatly in different States. Florida has a dua proportion of 
poor lands, but compared with other States the ratio of her barren 
and worthless lands is very small. With the exception of the Ever- 
glades, (which, though now unavailable, are capable of being 
reclaimed at moderate expense,) and her irreclaimable swamp lands, 
there is scarcely an acre in the whole State of Florida that is 
entirely worthless, or which cannot be made, under her tropical 
climate, tributary to some agricultural production. Land which 
in a more northern climate would be utterly worthless, will, in 
Florida, owing to her tropical character, yield valuable productions. 
There are in Florida no mountain wastes, no barren prairies, and 
there are but few acres in the whole State, not under cultivation, 
that are not covered with valuable timber. 

Let us here give a brief sketch of the different descriptions of 
the lands of Florida. 

Pine lands (yellow pine; form the basis of Florida. These lands 
are usually divided into three classes, denoting first, second, and 
third rate pine lands. 

That which is denominated "first rate pine land" in Florida has 
7 



GC, GUIDE TO SOUTnERN GEOEGIA AND FLORIDA. 

n othins: analoo;ous to it in auy of the other States. Its surface is 
covered for several inches deep with a durk vegetable mold, be- 
n'^ath which, to the d 'pth of several feet, is a chocolate-colored 
sandy loam, mixed, for the most part, with limestone pebbles, and 
resting upon a substratum of marl, clay, or limestone rock. The 
fertility and durability of this description of land may be estimated 
from the well-known fact that it has, on the upper Suwannee, and 
in several other districts, yielded during fourteen years of succes- 
sive cultivation, without the aid of manure, tour hundred pounds 
of sea island cotton to the acre. These lands are still as productive 
as ever, so that the limit of their durability is still unknown. 

First-class pine lands are generally preferred by small planters 
to any other, and they have 'always been found productive and 
valuable. Indeed, it is believed that the pine lands of Florida are 
superior to any pine lauds in the South for their fertility, yielding 
good crops in their natural state, and when trodden by cattle, be- 
coming equal to rich hammock land. There has been seen, early 
in the season, cane having above twenty joints and well matured, 
grown upon Florida pine lands, and the sugar made from such 
lauds is generally of superior quality. Taese lands are not appre- 
ciated as they should be ; they are the easiest cleared and cultivated, 
and some of them but little inferior to the hammocks. For cotton, 
vec^etables, and sugar they are just as good, if not better. The 
or-caslonal appearance on the surface in pine or hammock of lime 
rock is an evidence of strong land. 

The " second rate pine lands" which form the largest proportion 
of Florida, are all productive, and can, by a proper system of cul- 
tivation, be rendered much more valuable than the best lands in 
Texas. These lands afford fine natural pasturage ; they are heavily 
timbered with the best species of yellow pine; they are for the 
most part high, rolling, healthy, and well watered They are gen- 
erally based upon marl, clay, or limestone. They will produce for 
several years without the aid of manure, and when "cow-penned" 
they will yield two thousand pounds of the best quality of sugar 
to the acre, or about three hundred pounds of sea island cotton. 
They will, besides, when properly cultivated, produce the finest 
quality of Cuba tobacco, oranges, lemons, limes, and various other 
tropical productions, which must, in many instances, render them 
more reliable than the best bottom lands in more northern States. 

Even pine lands of the "third" rate, or most inferior class, are 
by no means worthless under the climate of Florida. This class 



GUIDE TO SOUTDEKN QEOEGIA AND FLOEIDA. G7 

of land may be divided into two orders — the one comprising high, 
rolling, sandy districts, which are sparsely covered with a stunted 
growth of "black jack" and pine; the other embracing low, flat, 
swampy regions, which are covered with invaluable timber. The 
former of these, as is now ascertained, are, owing to their calcari- 
ous soil, well adapted to the growth of Sisal hemp, which is a valua- 
ble tropical production. This plant (the Agave Sisalana) and the 
Agave Mexicauna, or Mexican hemp, also known as the Maguey, 
the Pulque Plant, the Century Plant, etc., have been introduced 
into Florida, and they both grow in great perfection on the poorest 
pine lands of the country. As these plants derive their chief sup- 
port from the atmosphere, they will, like the common air plant, 
preserve their vitality for many months when left out of the 
ground. " It is scarcely necessary to add that the second order of 
third-rate pine lands, as here described, is far from being useless. 
These lands afford a most excellent range for cattle, besides being 
valuable for their timber and the naval stores which they can 
produce. 

There is one general feature in the topography of Florida which 
no other country in the United States possesses, and which affords 
great security to the health of the inhabitants. It is this, that the 
pine lands which form the basis of the country, and which are 
almost universally healthy, are nearly everywhere studded, at in- 
tervals of a few miles, with hammock lands of the richest quality. 
These hammocks are not, as is generally supposed, low, wet lands ; 
on the contrary, they are high, dry, undulating lands, that never 
require either ditching or draining. They vary in extent from 
twenty acres to twenty thousand acres, and will probably average 
five hundred acres each. Hence, the inhabitants have it every- 
where in their power to select residences in the pine lands, at such 
convenient distances from the hammocks as will enable them to 
cultivate the latter without endangering their health. Experience 
has satisfactorily shown that residences only a mile distant from 
cultivated hammocks are entirely exempt from malarial disease, 
and that the negroes who cultivate the hammocks and retire at 
night to pine laud residences, maintain perfect health. Indeed, it 
is found that residences in the hammocks themselves are generally 
perfectly healthy after they have been for a few years cleared. 
In Florida the diseases which result from these clearings are gen- 
erally of the mildest type, (simple and remittent fevers,) while in 



68 GUIDE TO SOUTHEEN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

nearly all of the other Southern S*ates they are most frequently of 
a severe grade of bilious fever. 

The topographical feature here noted, namely, a general inter- 
gpersion of rich hammocks, surrounded by dry, rolling, healthy 
pine woods, is an advantage which no other State in the Union 
enjoys; and Florida forms in this respect a striking contrast with 
Louisiana. Mississippi, and Texas, whose sugar and cotton lands 
are generally surrounded by vast alluvial regions, subject to fre- 
quent inundations, so that it is impossible to obtain, within many 
miles of them, a healthy residence. 

The lands which in Florida are -par excellence, denominated "rich 
lands," are, first, the "swamp lands," second, "low hammocks," 
third, "high hammocks," and. fourtli, "first rate pine, oak, and 
hickory lands." 

THE CI.IMATK OF FLORIDA. 

The situation of Florida, in the southern part of the temperate 
zone, between two seas, the great Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of 
Mexico, and embracing six degrees of latitude and as many of 
longitude, appears to be tbc natural cause of the goodness of its 
climate; for, on the one hand, a southern latitude exempts it from 
all the inconveniences of extreme cold, so a maritime situation, 
and its lying within the course of the sea breeze that daily blows 
across the peninsula, is the cause that the heat of the sun in sum- 
mer is mitigated by the freshness of the sea air, which in a hot 
climate is much more salutary than the air of an extended conti- 
nent. All America to the north of the river Potomac, is greatly 
incommoded by the severities of the weather for two or three 
months in the winter. In Florida there is, indeed, a change of the 
seasons, but it is a moderate one. In November and December 
many trees lose their leaves, vegetation goes on slowly, and a slight 
trace of winter is perceived. In the northern part of Florida, 
above 29 or 30 degrees of latitude, there occur frosts, but not very 
frequent. 

The fogs and dark gloomy weather so common in England and 
other countries so much surrounded by the sea, are unknown in 
this country. At the equinoxes, especially the autumnal, the rains 
fall heavily every day between eleven o'clock in the morning and 
four in the afiernoon, for some weeks together. When a shower 
is over, the sky does not continue cloudy, but clears, and the sun 
appears again. The mildness of the seasons and the purity of the 



OriDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 09 

air are probably the cause of the heahhfulncsa of this coimtry. 
The average number of sunny fair days in the year is 250. 

William Stark says: "It is an indisputable fact, which can be 
proved by the monthly returns of the 'Jth Regiment in East Florida, 
that it did not lose one single man by natural death in 20 months, 
and as that regiment performed duty in several forts at different 
distances, it proves in the most satisfactory manner, that the 
climate is healthy in the different parts of the province." 

The peninsula of Florida is not broad, and as it lies between two 
seas, the air is oftener refreshed with rain than on the continent. 
The entire absence of the sun for eleven hours, makes the dews 
heavy and gives the earth time to cool, so that the nights in sum. 
mer are less sultry here than in the northern latitudes, where the 
sun shines upon the earth for sixteen or seventeen hours out of the 
twenty-four. The heat which in South Carolina and in the south- 
ern part of Europe is sometimes intolerable for want of wind, is 
here alleviated by a sea breeze in the day time and a land wind at 
night. It is only in and near the tropics that the laud and sea 
breezes are at all uniform or to be depended upon. 

The white people work in the fields in the heat of the day with- 
out prejudice to their health ; gentlemen frequently ride out in the 
middle of the day, and instead of the debilitating effects of a warm 
southern climate, so often spoken of by writers, we here see and 
feel only an invigorating effect, which enables a man to perform 
more work than in any other part of the United States. 

During the eighteen years of residence of I. L. Williams in 
Florida, the greatest heat was 9G decrees Fahrenheit in the shade, 
and this took place but three or four times, and once the cold was 
as low as 20 degrees. In usual seasons, the mercury rises to about 
90 degret s in the hottest days of mid-summer, and falls to 43 de- 
grees during the coldest days of winter ; it is not extreme in its 
variations of temperature, neither is it rapid in the succession of 
those variations, but always maintains that equability and dryness 
of climate so grateful to the Northern invalid. The wonderful 
climate exerts itself alike upon animal and vegetable nature. The 
heat is sufficient to stimulate a rapid and luxuriant growth, while 
it is never so intense as to become disagreeable. 

Dr. Torry says : "Compared with the other regions of the Uni- 
ted States, the peninsula of Florida has a climate' wholly peculiar. 
The lime, orange and the fig find their genial temperature; lie 
coui'se of vegetation is unceasing ; culinary vegetables are culli- 



70 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEOKGIA AND FLOEIDA. 

vated in all seasons, and wild flowers spring up and flourish in the 
month of January ; and so little is the temperature of the lakes 
and rivers diminished during the winter months, that one may 
almost at any time bathe in their waters. The climate is so ex- 
ceedingly mild and uniforn, that besides the vegetables of the 
Southern States generally, many of a tropical character are pro- 
duced. The palmetto, or cabbage palm, the live oak, the deciduous 
cypress, and some varieties of the pine are common farther north, 
but the lignum vitte, mahogany, logwood, mangrove, cocoanut, 
etc., are found only in the southern portions of the peninsula. 
In contemplating the scenery of Florida in the month of January 
the Northern man is apt to forget that it is a winter landscape. 
To him all nature is changed; even the birds of the air, the 
pelican and flamingo, indicate to him a climate entirely new." 

Such is the mildness of the climate and the humidity of the 
atmosphere, and the exemption from frost, thai all the tropical 
fruits will grow in Southern Florida as far north as 27 deg., thus 
affording a boundless field to the horticulturist for obtaining 
wealth and pleasure in their cultivation. 

As has been well expressed, it is an "evergreen land, in which 
wild flowers never cease to unfold their petals." 

The positions in Southern Florida, on the gulf coast, are warmer 
in winter than those farther north. This is explained by the fact 
that the cold, bleak northers which spread along the Atlantic 
coast, in crossing to the Gulf coast, become warmed by the radia- 
tion of the whole peninsula, and all that is felt of them is their 
mild influence ; so, also, of the cold winds from the northwest, 
from whence comes all our frosts and danger to early vegetation, 
the radiation of warmth from the Gulf protects the peninsula. 

The health of the inhabitants of Florida is proverbial ; many 
can now be seen who are ninety years old and upwards. The only 
diseases there are the usual intermittent and remittent fevers, 
which occur to new settlers or those who are situated near 
swamps. It is the most favorable climate for pulmonary invalids 
on the western continent— instances have occurred where they 
were afraid to leave here. On examining the dead list, we find the 
chief diseases to be old age and consumption, the last being an 
exotic and not indigenous here. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA 7l 

FLORIDA AS A HOME FOR INVALIDS. 

During nearly the whole year, and especially the summer months, 
the peninsula of Florida is favored witii a cool and refreshings 
sea breeze, which sets in from 9 to 12 o'clock in the day, and con- 
tinues until sunset. This breeze is remarkably cool for the lati- 
tude, owing to the fact that the cooler waters of higher and colder 
latitudes are constantly thrown along down the Florida coast by 
the back current of the ever-flowing Gulf stream, forming what 
might be termed a vast eddy, extending from Cape Hatteras to 
Cape Canaveral, and running, when not counteracted by adverse 
winds, at the rate of nearly two miles an hour. The cool tem- 
perature of these waters is itself the cause of this never-failing 
breeze. Being some seven degrees colder than those of the Gulf 
of Mexico, as the sun rises, the atmosphere over the Gulf is 
sooner heated and rarified. This heated air rises and brings the 
cooler air of the Atlantic across the peninsula to supply the 
vacuum, thus forming a steady breeze during the warmer part of 
the day. 

The atmosphere of all tropical climates is, of course, more moist 
than in colder latitudes. But that of Florida is dryer in winter 
than at any other point on the continent near the same latitude, 
for the reason that the winter is her dry season, while her wet or 
rainy season occurs in July or August, a time when the vegetation 
is growing and most needs rain. In Texas and New Mexico the 
reverse of this is true, bringing the cold and wet seasons together 
in winter, and the hot and dry in summer, making the winters 
more chilly and unhealthy, and the summers more malarious and 
sickly. 

It often occurs in Florida, that as many as thirty days pass con- 
secutively, when the air is perfectly clear and almost without a 
cloud. The healthfulness of a country like this, then, we shaU 
infer from the following reasons : 

1st. The calcarious and antisceptic quality of the soil, which, 
neutralizes and absorbs the malaria. 

2d. The pine forests, filling the air with their healthful aroma. 

3d. Its abundant sta surrounding— always a purifier of the 
air. 

4th. The coolness of the summer breeze and dryness and clear- 
ness of the winter air. 

5th. And superadded to all is the mild and friendly influence. of 
her warmer climate. 



72 GUIDE TO SOUTHEKN GKOKGIA AND FLOKIDA. 

Now, as to tlie results and effects of these natural advantages, let 
lis quote briefly from those whose authority must be unquestion- 
able. 

General Lawsou, Surgeon-General of the Army of the United 
States, in an official report, before the war, remarks : 

" The climate of Florida is reraarkakbly equable and agreeable, 
being subject to fewer atmospheric variations, and its thermometer 
ranges much less than any other part of the United States, except 
a portion of the coast of California. For example, the winter at 
Fort Snelling, Minnesota Territory, is 48 degrees colder than at 
Fort Brooke, Florida ; but the summer at Fort Brooke is only 
about eight i^egrees warmer. The mean annual temperature of 
Augusta, Ga., is nearly eight degrees, and that of Fort Gibson, 
Arkansas, upwards of ten degrees lower than at Tampa, yet in 
both these places the mean summer temperature is higher than at 
Fort Brooke, Tampa Bay. In the summer season the mercury 
rises higher in every part of the United States, and even in Canada, 
than it does along the coast of Florida. This is shown by mete- 
orological statistics in this bureau. 

^^ As respects health, the climate of Florida stands pre-eminent. 
That the peninsula climate of Florida is much more salubrious 
than that of any other State in the Union, is clearly established by 
the medical statistics of the army. 

" Indeed the statistics in this bureau demonstrate the fact that 
the diseases which result from malaria are a much milder type in 
the peninsula of Florida than in any other state in the Union. 
These records show that the ratio of d-aths to the number of cases 
of remittent fever has been much less than among the troops serv- 
ing in any other portion of the United states. In the Middle 
Division of the United States the proportion is one death to thirty- 
six cases of remittent fever ; in the Northern Division, one to fifty- 
two ; in the Southern Division, one to fifty- four ; in Texas, one to 
seventy-eight ; in California, one to one hundred and twenty-two ; 
in New Mexico, one to one hundred and forty-eight, while in 
Florida it is but one to two hundred and eighty-seven. In short, it 
may be asserted without fear of refutation, that Florida possesses 
a much more agreeable and salubrious climate than any other State 
or Territory in the Union," 

Dr. Byrne, late Surgeon in the United States Army, and long a 
resident of Florida, says : -% 

" It would seem paradoxical that the malarial diseases of East 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GKOBGIA AND FLORIDA. 73 

Florida (abounding as it does in rich hammoclc lands and exposed 
to a tropical sun), should generally be of a much milder form than 
those which prevail in moi'e northern latitudes. That such, how- 
ever, is the fact there can be no doubt, for this fact is proved by 
an aggregate of evidence (extending over more than twenty years) 
which it is impossible to resist. It is suggested, in explanation of 
this fact, that the luxuriant vegetation, which in the Southern and 
Middle States passes through all the stages of decomposition, is, 
in East Florida, generally dried up before it reaches the putre- 
factive stage of fermentation, and that consequently the quantity 
of malaria generated is much less than in climates more favorable 
to decomposition. This view is strengthened by facts that the 
soil of Florida is almost everywhere of so porous and absorbent a 
character that moisture is seldom long retained on its surface ; 
that its atmosphere is in constant motion, and that there is more 
clear sunshine than in the more northern States. 

"It is further suggested that the uniform prevalence of sea 
breezes and the constant motion of the atmosphere in the penin- 
sula, tend so much to diffuse and attenuate whatsoever poison is 
generated, that it will generally produce but the mildest form of 
malarial disease, such as intermittent fever." 

Dr. Byrne in another place remarks : 

"The winters are delightful, five days out of six being bright 
and cloudless, and of the most agreeable temperature. In the 
southern portion of the peninsula frost is never felt. The winter 
resembles very much that season which in the Middle States is 
called India'j summer, except that the sky is perfectly clear and 
the atmosphere dry and elastic. Rain falls but rarely during the 
winter months ; three, four, and not uufrequently five months of 
blight, clear, cloudless days occur contiuuall3^ This is one of the 
greatest charms of the winter climate in Florida. Contrary to 
what might be expected, the summer weather of East Florida is 
much more agreeable and its heat less oppressive than that which 
is experienced in the Middle States. This is owing to its being 
fanned by the breezes of the Atlantic on the east, and those of the 
Gulf of Mexico on the west, both of which can be distinctly felt 
in the centre of the State. Besides this the northeast trade winds 
play over the whole peninsula. The summer nights are invariably 
cool, and even the hottest days are seldom oppressive in the shade. 

"In the summer season the mercury rises higher in every part 
of the United States than it does along the coast of Florida. Fre- 



74 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

quent showers occur during the months of March, April, May, and 
June, and about the first of July what is termed the rainy season 
commences and continues till about the middle of September. 
Although it rains about every day during this season, it seldom 
rains all day. These rains fall in heavy showers, accompanied by 
thunder and lightning, and seldom last more than four hours. 
Indeed, they do not average more than one hour per day. They 
genei-ally commence about one o'clock p. ra., and are always over 
before five o'clock p. m., leaving for the remainder of the day a 
cloudless sky and a delightfully cool atmosphere." 

SPORTING ITEMS. 

CHARLOTTE HARBOR AND THE CALOOSAHATCHIE KIVER. 

This portion of Florida is almost terra incognita, and the first 
extended notice of it was published in the Forest and Stream and 
republished in Camp Life in Florida. Having spent nearly two 
months in the region referred to, enjoyed the equable tempera- 
ture, baluiy atmosphere, refreshing breezes, and unrivaled sport- 
ing attractions, we sincerely trust that the adventurous tourist 
and sport man may be induced to follow in our wake. Nearly 
three years have elapsed since we navigated Clear Water Harbor, 
Tampa, and Sarasota Pass, coasting the main land from Sarasota 
Pass to Gasparilla Pass, wandered among the islands of Charlotte 
Harbor, ascending the Caloosahatchie river to Fort Thompson, 
and succeeded in reaching the almost unknown lake— Ochechobee. 
Often has memory carried us back to the pleasant scenes of that 
trip, and we sometimes sigh for an opportunity to re-visit the 
many charming spots found eyi route, and to fight over again our 
battles with sharks, alligators, devil fish, et al. 

Charlotte Harbor can be easily reached by small coasting vessels, 
varying from four to eight tons. Several vessels of this character 
comfortably fitted up for such purposes can be chartered from Dr. 
Macllvaine and Captain Eeddick, of Cedar Key. This place is the 
terminus of the Cedar Key and Fernandina Railroad, which con- 
nects at Baldwin with the Florida Central Railroad. With a cap- 
tain, one man, stove, bedding, cooking utensils, and one skiff, these 
vessels can be chartered at from five to six dollars per day. These 
crafts are of light draft, perfectl}^ seaworthy, and will comfortably 
accommodate from four to five tourists. If the voyageurs are 
fond of shooting and fishing, more boats would be required, and 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 75 

these could be ordered iu advance of Mr. A. G. Chappell, boat 
builder, of Jacksonville, or through Dr. Macllvaiue, of Cedar 
Key. Freight on a boat from Jacksonville to Cedar Key, one 
dollar and eighty cents per one hundred pounds. 

Reaching Cedar Key, we would advise parties to patronize the 
Island House, which has been remodeled and supplied with many 
home comforts. Charlotte Harbor can also be reached by taking 
the steamship T. J. Cocliraoe, leaving Cadar Key on Mondays and 
Fridays for Manatee and Tampa. The Cochrane is a new vessel, 
staunch and seaworthy ; her accommodations are excellent, and 
her officers will be found experienced and attentive to passengers. 
From information furnished us we have reason to believe that 
sportsmen could obtain boats at Tampa or Manatee for coasting 
purposes, but this could be determined iu advance by addressing 
postmaster at the above named places or Captain James McKay, of 
Tampa. As we intend referring more particularly to points 
further south, we shall not dilate upon the climatic advantages, 
hotel accommodations, or hospitality of the citizens of Tampa. 

Leaving Cedar Key and following the coast line, sportsmen 
should not fail to tempt the king fish opposite the Anclote Keys. 
By using one of James' strong " blue fish baits " and a strong line, 
excellent sport can be obtained. King fish range from five to 
twenty-five pounds, will fight to the last, and when cooked will 
be relished by all. Passing Tampa Bay, superior fishing will be 
found at Long Boat Inlet, and excellent fly fishing at Billy Bow- 
Legs Creek. At S irasota Bay, Captain Willard will indicate to 
sportsmen the habitats of all the scaly denizens of the neighbor- 
hood. But the Captain is a dangerous customer —hospitality is his 
most prominent characteristic— and he will capture and if possible 
detain sportsmen. Once in his clutches, they will find it diffcult 
to escape his hospitality and visit points further south. 

Parties can leave Sarasota Bay by Little Sarasota Pass. From 
this Pass to Little Gasparilla Pass, the northern entrance to Char- 
lotte Harbor, the distance is about thirty miles. On one occasion 
we left Little Sarasota Pass at 7 a. m., in a flat-bottomed sail-boat 
twenty feet long, and took the outside route to Charlotte Harbor. 
The wind died away, the ocean was like a mirror, but by manufac- 
turing a white-ash breeze Little Gasparilla Pass was entered next 
morning at daylight. 

If parties transport their own boat to Cedar Key by rail, and to 
Manatee by steamer, and she is not deemed safe for a trip outside 



76 GUIDE TO 80UTHEEN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

of thirty miles, Little Sarasota Bay caa be navigated and the party 
could pass out to sea at Casey's Pass, and the distance much short- 
ened. About half-way from Casey's Pass to Gasparilla Pass, an 
inlet will be noticed, with a sand bank and a large growth of hard 
wood timber. This is Kettle Harbor, and it will be found an ex- 
cellent one. To the uninitiated we may remark that the Gulf is 
entirely different from the Atlantic — the former is generally 
smooth and tranquil, and the ceaseless roar of the latter is absent. 

The coast is being constantly navigated by parties in boats which 
would be considered unsafe on many of our Northern rivers. Un , 
less it was during the prevalence of a norther, we would not hesi- 
tate to navigate the coast from Cedar Key to Cape Sable in a 
sixteen-foot Whitehall boat. Along the coast the winds are usually 
light, and if a sea rises it rapidly subsides. With the exception of 
the stretch between Casey's and Gasparilla Passes, the entire dis- 
tance can be made inside of islands or reefs. 

If parties should hesitate about the outside trip, they can work 
their way to the head of Little Sarasota Bay, and at this point it 
is possible for them to secure a wagon and team to transport their 
boat to the Meyakka river, a distance of eight miles. Descending 
the Meyakka river to Charlotte Harbor they can indulge in 'gaitor 
shooting and fishing. A boat for such a trip, and to be suitable 
for transportation, should be built light and modeled after a Dela- 
ware river batteau. She should be eighteen feet long, six feet 
wide, high sides, and decked over for at least eight feet forward. 
With a canvas tarpaulin over a boom and fastened to strong screw, 
eyes in each quarter, such a craft would make a comfortable home 
for two or three persons. If supplied with a centre-board and cat- 
rig, she would answer every purpose for navigating the bays, 
rivers, and estuaries of the southwest coast. Instead of seats on 
each side and aft, moveable boxes could be constructed and used 
for the storage of arms, ammunition, and provisions. At times, 
when cruising among mangrove islands and niarshe3, a difficulty 
will be experienced in finding a camping place, and a small stove 
would be found very useful. In days gone by, we used one named 
the " Etna," manufactured in Philadelphia by Abbot & Noble. We 
were so much pleased with it that we have ordered another to be 
used this fall in a cruise from Cedar Key to Cape Sable. We 
would advise intending tourists to provide themselves with the two 
•Government charts showing Caloosa and Boca Grande entrances 
and harbors. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 77 

Eateriug Little Gasparilla Pass, excellent sheep-heading will be 
found at all times inside the point, within a few feet of the water's 
edge. On an opposite bank, the gunnist can very soon secure suf- 
ficient snipe and curlews for a stew. Leaving Gasparilla inlet, the 
channel keeps close to the island, but charts of the harbor will 
direct the voyagers to Pnuta Eassa at the southern portion of the 
harbor. 

At any of the entrances sheephead, groupers, sea trout, channel 
bass, and other sea fish can be captured in numbers. The only 
bait necessary for sheephead are fiddlers, which can be dug up in 
great quantity along the edge of almost any sandy beach. For 
channel bass and trout, cut bait or hardbacks will be all that will 
be required. If sportsmen are inclined to indulge in shark fishing, 
a full supply of shark hooks and strong lines should be provided. 

Water is an important consideration to those who contemplate a 
cruise below Sarasota Bay, and ever}^ party should be provided 
with a shovel to dig for it if such proceeding shuuld be required. 
Water of fair quality can generally be found by digging from three 
to four feet deep on the bay side of most of the islands and to a 
distance of say twenty to fifty feet from the shore line. An ex- 
amination should never be made near mangrove bushes, for at 
these points the water is apt to be salt. On most of the islands 
will be found a dwarf- growing variety of the button wood, and 
near these trees is the place to look for fresh water. Water can 
be obtained from a lagoon in the centre of Little Gasparilla Island, 
at the northerly end of LaCosta Island, on Fine Island, at a settle- 
ment opposite Useppa Island, on Useppa, at the foot of the mound 
on ihe northeast side of the island, and to the left of the landing. 

At the southern portion of Charlotte Harbor is Punta Rassa — a 
signal station and telegraph office. About three miles from Punta 
Rassa will be found the mouth of the Caloosahatchie river. As- 
cending this wide and beautiful river about sixteen miles. Fort 
Myers will be noticed on the rigiit hand bank. At this place three 
stores will be found where provisions can be obtained. Persons 
desiring information will meet with a hearty welcome by inter- 
viewing Col. Evans. Leaving the fort, the channel turns towards 
the left hand side of the river, and attention must be paid to its 
course. Three miles above the fort the islands will be reached 
and a distance of three miles more will leave them in the rear. 
At the upper islands is the locality where the large 'gaitors most 
do congregate. From this point to the telegraph crossing, a few 



78 GUIDE TO SODTHEKN GEOEGIA AND FLOP.IDA. 

miles above, cavilla, ranging from five to twentj^ pounds, can 
be captured with a spoon bait. Between tliese points tarpon exist 
in great nuoibers, and tliey will be seen to break water like blue 
fish. By anchoring where these fish are noticed, using a large bait 
cut from a mullet and fishing with a long and strong line and a 
float, these fish can be captured. They range from fifty to two 
hundred pounds, and when hooked there is rushing, jumping and 
fighting without end. The tscales of these fish are very large and 
ornamental, and delicate fingers at home could convert them into 
ibeautiful card baskets and other ornaments. To those who are 
partial to fly fishing and who wish to engage in the capture of the 
most powerful and gamiest of fish— the cavilla— they can be 
gratified between the islands and the telegraph crossing. 

The entire length of the river from its mouth to the rapids at 
Fort Thompson is about one hundred and twenty miles, and, 
•owing to the slight current, there will be no difficulty in rowing a 
boat the last eighty miles of its course. In the course of the upper 
portion of the river, deer hunting and turkey shooting may be 
found by penetrating a short distance from the river. In the 
i mmediate neighborhood of the falls, if the Indians are not, or have 
.not been in camp, turkeys will be found in great numbers If 
there is watjr suflicieut, a boat can be dragged over the rapids, 
and an open channel will be found for a distance of about three 
miles, tending towards Ocheechobee. In the course of this three 
miles, excellent fishing and duck and 'gaitor shooting will be found. 

At Fish Eating creek, a distance of about twelve miles from Fort 
Thompson, deer and turkey exist in great quantities, and it will 
be found a " sportsman's paradise." If persons wish to camp out 
on Fish Eating creek, we would advise them to select a point a few 
miles above New Fort Centre. This entire section is an extensive 
prairie, with narrow belts of pine timber and clumps of live oak 
and cabbage palms. The nutritious grasses furnish food for im- 
mense numbers of deer, and the limber supplies them with the 
necessary shelter. Dogs are unnecessary, and this is the home of 
the still hunter. The rich hamuKJck lauds on the bank of the creek 
are the favorite feeding grounds for turkeys. The creek is well 
supplied with bass, and the piscator would find employment. 

To reach Fish Eating creek and transport a boat and camp 
plunder, the services of Mr. Carleton will be required. If this 
gentleman's acquaintance is desired he can be found by following 
directions : Starting from the falls on the left bank of the river 



GUIDE TO SOUrHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 79 

aud skirting the timber next the river flat lauds for two miles, 
Carleton's house will be uoticed on a hill to the left. Mr. Carletou 
owns an excellent wagon aud a good team of bullocks, aud his 
services can be obtained at three dollars per day. 

If adventure should become the order of the day, (the larder 
justifying the proceeding), and the wanderers desirous of returning 
north by another route, they could descend Fish Eating creek to 
lake Ocheechobee. When we made the attempt we failed to reach 
the lake by the creek, and wandered through the raw grass-marsh 
to it. We were provided with a lubberly Indian dug-out, and 
apologies for a paddle and pushing pole. We reached a point within 
two miles of the lake, and found the channel blockaded with let- 
tuce — a fresh water plant that floats on the surface. We found it 
impossible to propel the boat through it with implements at our 
command. If the tourist should make the attempt, we would 
advise him to provide himself with two-hooked sticks ten feet long. 
If one person would stand on each side of the boat, near the shore, 
and both parties grapple the lettuce at the same time, the boat 
could be dragged over the obstruction. Jordan would be a hard 
road to travel, but the tw^o or three miles of obstructure could be 
overcome, and the lake reached. Owing to a violent gale to the 
eastward before our visit, the creek was obstructed, but it is prob- 
able that freshets have removed the obstructions. 

The lake reached, and its westerly shore followed for eighteen 
miles, the mouth of the Kissimme river will be noticed. By as- 
cending this tortuous stream for about three hundred miles. Lake 
Tahopotaliga will be reached. The river runs through a prairie 
for nearly its entire course, and a sail can be used to advantage, as 
the prevaling winds are from the east and south. At Tahopotaliga 
transportation can be obtained to Mellcuville, on the St. John's 
river, a distance of thirty-five miles. Fishing, hunting and shoot- 
ing along the entire course of the Kissimme will be found— all the 
sportsman can desire. One of our friends who descended this 
river in a sail boat, counted 2,183 'gaitorssunniug themselves along 
its banks. 

A few additional remarks may prove interesting. Rain seldom 
falls in this section during the winter, the climate is mild, and the 
whole country unexceptionally healthy. No trouble will be ex- 
perienced from insects if parties anchor mid-stream and sleep on 
their boat. Snakes are few and far between ; in all our wander- 
ings in IJouthern Florida we found but one rattler. Sporting mate- 



80 GDIDE TO SOUTHERN GIOBGIA AND FLORIDA. 

rial of every description can be purchased as cheap in Jackson- 
ville as they can in the North. Parties desiring a boat for such a 
trip, can have it constructed as cheaply in Jacksonville, by A. G. 
Chappell, as they can in the Northern cities. Having examined a 
number of boats built by him, "and he having constructed for us a 
cruising boat for Florida waters, we have no hesitation in recom- 
mending him to the favorable notice of those who may desire boats 
built for Florida cruising. Parties disposed to spend any time at 
the headwaters of the Caloosaliatchie or return north via the Kes- 
simme river, could have their supplies forwarded by team from 
Fort Myers to Fort Thompson, a distance of fort3'-five miles. 

If disposed, parties could reverse the proceeding, by ascending 
the St. John's river to Mellonville, take a team at that point to 
Tahopotaliga, and descend the river to lake Ocheechobce. Several 
of our fiiends adopted this course, but failed to find the mouth of 
Fish Eating creek. But we cannot discover any reason why the 
mouth of this stream should not be found. About eighteen miles 
south of the mouth of the Kessimme river, a remarkable cypnss 
tree will be noticed in the lake, a short distance from the marsh. 
The tree is very large, and on its south side it has a large branch 
growing horizontally and then vertically. From the statement of 
our Indian guide, Billy Osceola, the mouth of the creek is about 
one mile south of this tree. By sounding with a pole or oar along 
the edge of the marsh, the mouth of the creek could be easily de- 
tected, even though blockaded by lettuce. The creek could be as- 
cended to New Fort Centre, where a wagon road crosses the stream. 
From this point a messenger could tramp it, a distance of twelve 
miles, to Mr. Carleton's, and transportation obtained for boat and 
plunder to Fort Thompson. 



Y!§tt©FS to Florida 



Will do well to arrange their money matters with 




Jacksonville, Florida. 



Letters and Packages deceived and Forwarded as requested 



-0 — 



Resident Corresi^ondents of 

BROWN BROTHERS, 

JAMES KING & SONS, 

DREXEL, MORGAN & CO., 

KOUTZE BROTHERS, 

And most of the prominent banks issuing letters of credit. 
New York Correspondent 

IMPORTEES' and TRADEES' NATIONAL BANK 



THIED NATIONAL BANK. 

o 

TELEGEAPHIC TRANSFEE, OF MONEY 

Made to prominent points North and West. 



-^o*^ ^?— {^Tc 






mht ' 

Via Savannah, Ga., to all Points in 

Florida, Southern and Middle Georgia. 

Flint, Apalachicola, and Chattahoochee Rivers, 

Fast Freig-lit Express, via Savannah Steamships, to Savannah, 
Ha., and Atlantic & Gulf, Mjicon & Brunswick, Jackson- 
ville, Pensacola & Mobile, Florida Central Rail- 
roads, and Connecting" Lines. 

Shippers are requested to mark all packages "Care of ATLANTIC AN; 
GULF H. R. ACJENT, SAVANJiAd. GA , and to so state on the Ship's Receij ; 
and Bill of Lading. Freight received and Through Bills of Lading issued b; 
Agent of the Line, as follows : 

BOSTON TO SAVANNAH, GA., 

DIRECT. The Steamships SEMIMOLE and UNITED STATES leave evei 
Wednesday. 

F. NICKERSON & CO., Agents, 205 St»te St., Boston. 

BOSTON VIA NEW YORK TO SAVANNAH, GA. 

Ships daily via BOSTON AND PROVIDENCE E. R. and PROVIDENCE AND 
NEW YORK STEAMSHIl^ CO. 

GEO. C. MORRILL, Agent, 77 Washington St., Boston. 

NEW YORK TO SAVANNAH, GA. 

Two Departures per Week. 

Ships CITY OF SAVANNAH and CITY OF MACON sailing Saturdays ; CIT.' 
OF COLUMBUS and GATE CITY sailing Wednesdays, from Pier 43, North 
River — Office 409 Broadway. 

PHILADELPHIA TO SAVANNAH, GA. 

THE PHILADELPHIA AND SOUTHERN MAIL STEAMSHIP CO. dispatc U 
one of their ^Steamers WYOMING or JUNIATA, every Saturday. Returnin 
leave Savannah same day. 

W. L. JAMES, Agent, 237 Dock St., Philadelphia. 

BALTIMORE TO SAVANNAH, GA. 

One of the MERCHANTS AND MINERS TRANSPORTATION COMPANY 
Steamships leaves Baltimore every Thursday, l^eaves Savannah every Thui 
day. 

A. L. HUQGINS, Agent, Baltimore, Md. 

Information given and Tickets sold by Rail or Steamship to all points 
Florida, in connection with the ATLANTIC AND GULF RAILROAD. 

JAS. L. TAYLOR, Gen. Tgt. & Pass. Agt., Savannah. 

i. Is. {)>*'{:>'*< K !.. Agt., 315 Broadway, N. Y. 

IWS, Ag-t., 33 German St., Baltimore. 



B m liET 




-•vt:.a. i"I3:e- 



R^IXaROAD, 



Thereby avoiding the dangers of coast navigation, and the 
-frequent detentions which steamer lines meet with at St. 
John's River Bar. 

This is the only comfortable route for invalids. 
Tickets on sale at all Railroad Offices and by Steamship 
Lines from Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore, 
and at Bren's, 22 Bull Street, Savannah. 
For further information apply to 

JAS. L. TAYLOR, 
Gen'l Freight and Passenger Agent, Savannah, Ga. 
C. D. OWENS, 
Gen'l Agent, 315 Broadway, New York. 
J. H. GRIFFIN. 
Passenger Agent, Savannah, Ga. 



1" 


7 — - im 

GO VIA'-J- - ^^1 


ATLANTIC & GULF RAlLffl| 




TO , ■ 


Albany, 

Brunswick, 

Baldwin, 

Cedar Keys, 

Darien, 

Enterprise, 

Fernandiiia, 

Gainesville. 


11 il 1(1 Ilia, Mobile, 

1 lavana, New Orleans, : 

•laekKOiiville, Omn..,. i\Tiik,' 

I/.ike City, 

i\I:-' '/v.w,.,, J 

Ai a. AugusiineJ 

"" I'allahassce, | 

i'ampa. J 


• f ' , ' *, , 


|uingi5, iManuicc, ''^rf 



ST. j'OHCiisr's :e=lxv; 

DISTANCE FROm JACKSONVILLE. 

To Black Point* 5; 



Siowe s place ) 



11 Cove Spriii] 

■ nil's Wharf. 



lal Point 



^3 

28 




*l 



